Elias Hasket Derby (August 16, 1739 — September 8, 1799) was a Colonial American merchant and owner of a fleet of privateers. It took over 150 prizes during the American Revolution, and his large, swift Grand Turk was the first New England vessel to trade directly with China, making him not only one of the wealthiest and most celebrated traders of post-Revolutionary in Salem, Massachusetts, but at one point the richest man in the United States.