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The Device Forts, also known as Henrician castles and blockhouses, were a series of artillery fortifications built to defend the coast of England and Wales by Henry VIII. Traditionally, the Crown had left coastal defences in the hands of local lords and communities but the threat of French and Spanish invasion led the King to issue an order, called a "device", for a major programme of work between 1539 and 1547. The fortifications ranged from large stone castles positioned to protect the Downs anchorage in Kent, to small blockhouses overlooking the entrance to Milford Haven in Pembrokeshire, and earthwork bulwarks along the Essex coast. Some forts operated independently, others were designed to be mutually reinforcing. The Device programme was hugely expensive, costing a total of £376,000

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  • Device Forts (en)
  • Device Forts (ca)
  • Device Fort (de)
  • Device Forts (es)
  • Форты Генриха VIII (ru)
  • Device Forts (pt)
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  • Els Device Forts (literalment, forts defensius) són una xarxa de fortificacions construïdes al llarg de la costa sud d'Anglaterra com a part de l'estratègia defensiva desenvolupada personalment per Enric VIII en dues fases; la de 1539 i la de 1544. Moltes d'aquestes fortificacions van ser utilitzades durant la Guerra civil anglesa i posteriorment reforçades durant les Guerres napoleòniques i la Segona Guerra Mundial. (ca)
  • Los Device Forts (literalmente, fuertes defensivos) son una red de fortificaciones construidas a lo largo de la costa sur de Inglaterra como parte de la estrategia defensiva desarrollada personalmente por Enrique VIII en dos fases; la de 1539 y la de 1544. Muchas de estas fortificaciones fueron utilizadas durante la Guerra civil inglesa y posteriormente reforzadas durante las Guerras napoleónicas y las dos guerras mundiales. (es)
  • The Device Forts, also known as Henrician castles and blockhouses, were a series of artillery fortifications built to defend the coast of England and Wales by Henry VIII. Traditionally, the Crown had left coastal defences in the hands of local lords and communities but the threat of French and Spanish invasion led the King to issue an order, called a "device", for a major programme of work between 1539 and 1547. The fortifications ranged from large stone castles positioned to protect the Downs anchorage in Kent, to small blockhouses overlooking the entrance to Milford Haven in Pembrokeshire, and earthwork bulwarks along the Essex coast. Some forts operated independently, others were designed to be mutually reinforcing. The Device programme was hugely expensive, costing a total of £376,000 (en)
  • Device Forts, Henrician Castles oder Henrician Blockhouses, sind eine Reihe von Artilleriefestungen, deren Bau an den Küsten von England und Wales König Heinrich VIII. anordnete. Traditionell hatte die Krone die Küstenverteidigung in den Händen der lokalen Herren und Gemeinden belassen, aber die Gefahr einer spanischen und französischen Invasion veranlasste den König zur Herausgabe einer Anordnung (engl.: Device) eines größeren Bauprogramms von 1539 bis 1547. Die Art der Festungen rangierte von großen, steinernen Burgen, wie zum Schutz des Ankerplatzes The Downs in Kent, über kleine Blockhäuser, wie das zur Überwachung der Einfahrt zum Milford Haven im Pembrokeshire, bis zu Erdbollwerken entlang der Küste von Essex. Einige Forts erfüllten ihren Zweck unabhängig voneinander, andere verstärk (de)
  • Os Device Forts (tradução literal: Fortes de Defesa), também conhecidos como os "castelos henricianos" ou "cadeia de defesa costeira de Henrique VIII", são uma série de fortalezas armadas construídas em Inglaterra por Henrique VIII. Depois do seu divórcio com Catarina de Aragão, a Inglaterra ficou politicamente isolada, e um tratado entre a França e Espanha em 1538, despertou os temores de uma invasão. Esta ameaça estimulou o início da primeira fase do maior programa de defesa desde o tempo dos saxões. Esta primeira fase foi conhecida como o programa de defesa de 1539, que foi seguido por um segundo programa, o programa de defesa de 1544, devido à ameaça francesa. As defesas costeiras de Henrique variam de baluartes de terra para pequenos fortins e torres de artilharia em estilo italiano. (pt)
  • Фо́рты Ге́нриха VIII (англ. Henrician castles, также англ. Device forts — буквально «форты по программе 1539 года») — цепь приморских укреплений вдоль южного побережья Англии, выстроенная в 1539—1547 годах по воле короля Генриха VIII для отражения ожидавшегося нападения французского и испанского флотов. Первая в истории Англии государственная программа береговой обороны. В рамках программы близ важнейших портов и гаваней были выстроены шестнадцать артиллерийских замков, не менее семи блокгаузов и связывавшие их земляные укрепления. Общая стоимость проекта, включая укрепления Кале и Гина, превысила 376 тысяч фунтов. (ru)
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  • Device Forts (en)
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  • Device Forts (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yarmouth_castle_plan_1559.jpg
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