The length of the day (LOD), which has increased over the long term of Earth's history due to tidal effects, is also subject to fluctuations on a shorter scale of time. Exact measurements of time by atomic clocks and satellite laser ranging have revealed that the LOD is subject to a number of different changes. These subtle variations have periods that range from a few weeks to a few years. They are attributed to interactions between the dynamic atmosphere and Earth itself. The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service monitors the changes.
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| - تقلب طول النهار (ar)
- Fluctuacions de la durada del dia (ca)
- Fluctuaciones de la duración del día (es)
- Day length fluctuations (en)
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| - طول النهار، والذي زاد على مدى تاريخ الأرض الطويل بسبب تأثيرات المد والجزر، يخضع أيضاً لتقلباتٍ على مدى أقصر من الزمن. كشفت القياسات الدقيقة باستخدام الساعات الذرية ومدى الليزر الساتلي أن طول اليوم يخضع لعددٍ من التغييرات المختلفة. هذه الاختلافات الدقيقة لها فترات تتراوح من بضعة أسابيع إلى بضعة سنوات. وتعزى إلى التفاعلات بين الغلاف الجوي المتغير والأرض نفسها. (ar)
- La duración del día, que ha aumentado en el largo plazo de la historia de la Tierra debido a los efectos de las mareas, también está sujeta a fluctuaciones en una escala de tiempo más corta. Las mediciones exactas del tiempo mediante relojes atómicos y el rango de láser satelital han revelado que la duración del día (LOD) está sujeta a una serie de cambios diferentes. Estas variaciones sutiles tienen períodos que van desde unas pocas semanas hasta algunos años. Se atribuyen a las interacciones entre la atmósfera dinámica y la Tierra misma. El Servicio Internacional de Rotación y Sistemas de Referencia de la Tierra monitorea los cambios. (es)
- The length of the day (LOD), which has increased over the long term of Earth's history due to tidal effects, is also subject to fluctuations on a shorter scale of time. Exact measurements of time by atomic clocks and satellite laser ranging have revealed that the LOD is subject to a number of different changes. These subtle variations have periods that range from a few weeks to a few years. They are attributed to interactions between the dynamic atmosphere and Earth itself. The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service monitors the changes. (en)
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| - طول النهار، والذي زاد على مدى تاريخ الأرض الطويل بسبب تأثيرات المد والجزر، يخضع أيضاً لتقلباتٍ على مدى أقصر من الزمن. كشفت القياسات الدقيقة باستخدام الساعات الذرية ومدى الليزر الساتلي أن طول اليوم يخضع لعددٍ من التغييرات المختلفة. هذه الاختلافات الدقيقة لها فترات تتراوح من بضعة أسابيع إلى بضعة سنوات. وتعزى إلى التفاعلات بين الغلاف الجوي المتغير والأرض نفسها. (ar)
- The length of the day (LOD), which has increased over the long term of Earth's history due to tidal effects, is also subject to fluctuations on a shorter scale of time. Exact measurements of time by atomic clocks and satellite laser ranging have revealed that the LOD is subject to a number of different changes. These subtle variations have periods that range from a few weeks to a few years. They are attributed to interactions between the dynamic atmosphere and Earth itself. The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service monitors the changes. In the absence of external torques, the total angular momentum of Earth as a whole system must be constant. Internal torques are due to relative movements and mass redistribution of Earth's core, mantle, crust, oceans, atmosphere, and cryosphere. In order to keep the total angular momentum constant, a change of the angular momentum in one region must necessarily be balanced by angular momentum changes in the other regions. Crustal movements (such as continental drift) or polar cap melting are slow secular events. The characteristic coupling time between core and mantle has been estimated to be on the order of ten years, and the so-called 'decade fluctuations' of Earth's rotation rate are thought to result from fluctuations within the core, transferred to the mantle. The length of day (LOD) varies significantly even for time scales from a few years down to weeks (Figure), and the observed fluctuations in the LOD - after eliminating the effects of external torques - are a direct consequence of the action of internal torques. These short term fluctuations are very probably generated by the interaction between the solid Earth and the atmosphere. (en)
- La duración del día, que ha aumentado en el largo plazo de la historia de la Tierra debido a los efectos de las mareas, también está sujeta a fluctuaciones en una escala de tiempo más corta. Las mediciones exactas del tiempo mediante relojes atómicos y el rango de láser satelital han revelado que la duración del día (LOD) está sujeta a una serie de cambios diferentes. Estas variaciones sutiles tienen períodos que van desde unas pocas semanas hasta algunos años. Se atribuyen a las interacciones entre la atmósfera dinámica y la Tierra misma. El Servicio Internacional de Rotación y Sistemas de Referencia de la Tierra monitorea los cambios. (es)
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