Creamy layer is a term used in Indian politics to refer to some members of a backward class who are highly advanced socially as well as economically and educationally. They constitute the forward section of that particular backward class – as forward as any other forward class member. They are not eligible for government-sponsored educational and professional benefit programs. The term was introduced by the Sattanathan Commission in 1971, which directed that the "creamy layer" should be excluded from the reservations (quotas) of civil posts. It was also identified later by Justice Ram Nandan Committee in 1993.
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| - Creamy layer (en)
- Couche crémeuse (fr)
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| - Creamy layer is a term used in Indian politics to refer to some members of a backward class who are highly advanced socially as well as economically and educationally. They constitute the forward section of that particular backward class – as forward as any other forward class member. They are not eligible for government-sponsored educational and professional benefit programs. The term was introduced by the Sattanathan Commission in 1971, which directed that the "creamy layer" should be excluded from the reservations (quotas) of civil posts. It was also identified later by Justice Ram Nandan Committee in 1993. (en)
- En politique indienne, couche crémeuse est un terme utilisé pour désigner certains membres d'une classe en retard, qui sont avancés sur les plans économique, social et éducatif. Constituant une section avancée d'une caste en retard, ils bénéficient des mêmes avantages que des membres d'une caste sans retard. Ils ne sont pas éligibles aux programmes d'avantages éducatifs et professionnels parrainés par le gouvernement. Ce terme est introduit par la Commission Sattanathan en 1971, qui ordonne que la "couche crémeuse" soit exclue des réserves (quotas) des postes civils. En 1993, le comité de justice Ram Nandan l'emploie. (fr)
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| - Creamy layer is a term used in Indian politics to refer to some members of a backward class who are highly advanced socially as well as economically and educationally. They constitute the forward section of that particular backward class – as forward as any other forward class member. They are not eligible for government-sponsored educational and professional benefit programs. The term was introduced by the Sattanathan Commission in 1971, which directed that the "creamy layer" should be excluded from the reservations (quotas) of civil posts. It was also identified later by Justice Ram Nandan Committee in 1993. The creamy layer (income) criteria were defined as gross annual income of parents from all sources more than 100,000 rupees (₹ or INR defined by Sattanathan committee in 1971) In 1993 when "creamy layer" ceiling was introduced, it was ₹ 1 lakh. It was subsequently revised to Rs 2.5 lakh per annum in (2004), and revised to ₹ 4.5 lakh (2008), Rs 6 lakh (2013) and Rs 8 lakh (2017). In October 2015, the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) proposed that a person belonging to Other Backward Class (OBC) with gross annual income of parents up to Rs 15 lakh should be considered as the minimum ceiling for OBC. The NCBC also recommended the sub-division of OBCs into "backward", "more backward", and "extremely backward" blocs and divide 27% quota amongst them in proportion to their population, to ensure that stronger OBCs don't corner the quota benefits. (en)
- En politique indienne, couche crémeuse est un terme utilisé pour désigner certains membres d'une classe en retard, qui sont avancés sur les plans économique, social et éducatif. Constituant une section avancée d'une caste en retard, ils bénéficient des mêmes avantages que des membres d'une caste sans retard. Ils ne sont pas éligibles aux programmes d'avantages éducatifs et professionnels parrainés par le gouvernement. Ce terme est introduit par la Commission Sattanathan en 1971, qui ordonne que la "couche crémeuse" soit exclue des réserves (quotas) des postes civils. En 1993, le comité de justice Ram Nandan l'emploie. En termes de revenu, les critères de la couche crémeuse sont définis comme le revenu annuel brut des parents de toutes sources supérieur à 100000 roupies (₹ ou INR défini par le comité Sattanathan en 1971) .En 1993, lorsque le plafond de la "couche crémeuse" est introduit, il vaut 1 lakh . Il est révisé à Rs 2,5 lakh par an en 2004, et révisé à ₹ 4,5 lakh (2008), Rs 6 lakh (2013) et Rs 8 lakh (2017). En octobre 2015, la commission nationale pour les classes en retard propose qu'un membre d'une autre classe arriérée (Other Backward Class, OBC) dont les parents ont un revenu inférieur Rs 15 lakh doit représenter un plafond minimum pour une OBC. La commission recommande de diviser les OBC en blocs «en retard», «plus en retard» et «extrêmement en retard» et de diviser 27% du quota entre eux proportionnellement à leur population, afin de garantir que les OBC plus forts ne dépassent pas les avantages du quota. (fr)
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