About: Convoys HX 229/SC 122

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During the Battle of the Atlantic, British merchant shipping was formed into convoys for protection against German submarine attack. In March 1943 convoys HX 229 and SC 122 were the focus of the largest convoy battle of the war. Kriegsmarine tactics against convoys employed multiple-submarine wolfpack tactics in nearly simultaneous surface attacks at night. Patrolling aircraft restricted the ability of submarines to converge on convoys during daylight. The North Atlantic winters offered the longest periods of darkness to conceal surfaced submarine operations. The winter of 1942–43 saw the largest number of submarines deployed to the mid-Atlantic before comprehensive anti-submarine aircraft patrols could be extended into that area.

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rdf:type	Thing schema:Event dul:Event societal event wikidata:Q1656682 yago:WikicatBattlesOfWorldWarIIInvolvingGermany yago:WikicatConflictsIn1943 geo:SpatialThing yago:WikicatNorthAtlanticConvoysOfWorldWarII yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Act100030358 yago:Battle100953559 yago:Collection107951464 yago:Conflict100958896 yago:Convoy108417801 yago:Event100029378 yago:Group100031264 yago:GroupAction101080366 yago:MilitaryAction100952963 yago:Procession100296585 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 yago:YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity event military conflict umbel-rc:ConflictEvent umbel-rc:Event
rdfs:label	Geleitzug HX 229 (de) Convoys HX 229/SC 122 (en) Convoglio HX-229/SC-122 (it) HX-229 (nl)
rdfs:comment	Der Geleitzug HX 229 war ein alliierter Geleitzug der HX-Geleitzugserie zur Versorgung Großbritanniens im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Er fuhr am 8. März 1943 in New York ab und traf am 23. März in Liverpool ein. Die Alliierten verloren durch deutsche U-Boote 13 Frachtschiffe mit 93.502 BRT, während auf deutscher Seite ein U-Boot verloren ging. Damit war der HX 229 der verlustreichste HX-Geleitzug. (de) L'attacco ai convogli Alleati HX-229 e SC-122, portato da tre mute di U-Boot tedeschi, avvenuto nell'Atlantico del nord tra il 16 ed il 19 marzo 1943, fu la più grande battaglia della seconda guerra mondiale condotta tra le unità sottomarine della Kriegsmarine e quelle della Royal Navy di scorta ai mercantili, che si concluse con la perdita di 22 mercantili contro un solo U-Boot affondato; l'attacco ai due convogli costituì l'ultimo grande successo di parte tedesca della battaglia dell'Atlantico, nella cosiddetta guerra dei convogli. (it) HX-229 was een geallieerd scheepskonvooi tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Het konvooi bestond uit 37 vrachtschepen van verscheidene nationaliteiten. Het grote en snelle konvooi HX-229 vertrok vanuit Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada - New York naar Groot-Brittannië over de Noord-Atlantische Oceaan. Tussen 16 maart en 19 maart 1943 werd het konvooi door Duitse U-boten aangevallen, bestaande uit drie "Wolfpack"-groepen, de Gruppe Raubgraf, met 10 U-boten, Gruppe Dränger, 11 U-boten en Gruppe Stürmer, 18 U-boten. Verder waren er nog 4 U-boten die niet ingedeeld waren bij deze groepen maar die wel deelnamen aan de konvooislag. In totaal werd konvooi HX-229 en later, met het ingehaalde en tragere konvooi SC-122, samen aangevallen door 41 Duitse onderzeeërs. (nl) During the Battle of the Atlantic, British merchant shipping was formed into convoys for protection against German submarine attack. In March 1943 convoys HX 229 and SC 122 were the focus of the largest convoy battle of the war. Kriegsmarine tactics against convoys employed multiple-submarine wolfpack tactics in nearly simultaneous surface attacks at night. Patrolling aircraft restricted the ability of submarines to converge on convoys during daylight. The North Atlantic winters offered the longest periods of darkness to conceal surfaced submarine operations. The winter of 1942–43 saw the largest number of submarines deployed to the mid-Atlantic before comprehensive anti-submarine aircraft patrols could be extended into that area. (en)
foaf:name	Convoy HX 229 (plus delayed 229A) /SC 122 (en)
geo:lat	50.633301 (xsd:float)
geo:long	-34.766701 (xsd:float)
foaf:depiction
dcterms:subject	Naval battles of World War II involving Canada Naval battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom North Atlantic convoys of World War II
Wikipage page ID	12018899 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1116985540 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Cape Breton Island Cape Cod Cape Race Royal Navy Convoy HX.228 Battle of the Atlantic Black May (1943) Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress Destroyer Hvalfjordur List of shipwrecks in March 1943 Pen and Sword Books USS Evans (DD-78) Ultra United States Naval Institute Viking Press Depth charge Dominion of Newfoundland Convoy SC 121 SS Harry Luckenbach New York Harbor Enigma machine Convoy Corvette Western Local Escort Force Liverpool Clay Blair The Stationery Office Mid-Atlantic gap Admiral Naval battles of World War II involving Canada Naval battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom USS Branch (DD-197) GIUK gap Escort Group No. 206 Squadron RAF Direction finding HMCS Sherbrooke HMS Aberdeen Nova Scotia Museum Harper (publisher) North Atlantic convoys of World War II Karl Dönitz Sydney, Nova Scotia Naval trawler Wolfpack (naval tactic) B-Dienst Timeline of St. John's history St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador Convoy Battles of World War II Gross register tonnage Iceland Kriegsmarine Operation Neuland Military history of the United States during World War II Mid-Ocean Escort Force

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