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Cognitive semantics is part of the cognitive linguistics movement. Semantics is the study of linguistic meaning. Cognitive semantics holds that language is part of a more general human cognitive ability, and can therefore only describe the world as people conceive of it. It is implicit that different linguistic communities conceive of simple things and processes in the world differently (different cultures), not necessarily some difference between a person's conceptual world and the real world (wrong beliefs). The main tenets of cognitive semantics are:

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  • Semàntica cognitiva (ca)
  • Cognitive semantics (en)
  • Sémantique cognitive (fr)
  • 의미인지론 (ko)
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  • La sémantique cognitive est une discipline issue de l'intelligence artificielle et de la linguistique et psychologie cognitive. Elle se démarque principalement de la tradition logique et philosophique en adoptant une perspective cognitive. (fr)
  • 의미인지론(意味認知論, cognitive semantics)은 의미의 문제를 인지와의 관련 속에서 파악하는 의미 이론으로서, 개념적 체계가 어떻게 작용하는지를 이해하기 위해 언어에 의존하며, 언어의 작용방식을 이해하기 위해 개념적 지식에 의존한다. 의미를 단어와 세계 간의 관계로 간주하고 언어 체계에서 인지적 조직을 배제한 '(Truth-Conditional Semantics)'과 뚜렷한 대조를 이룬다. 이에 관한 인지의미론의 네 가지 중심적 가정을 요약하면 다음과 같다. * 개념적 구조는 신체화된다. * 의미적 구조는 개념적 구조이다. * 의미 표상은 백과사전적이다. * 의미 구성은 개념화이다. (ko)
  • La semàntica cognitiva és un camp d'estudi de la lingüística cognitiva que tracta el concepte de significat de les expressions d'una llengua i com s'articula dins la ment, tant de l'emissor com del receptor. Un mot o expressió té un significat o sentit que es compon de diversos trets, que excedeixen la simple definició de diccionari. Aquests trets activen paraules properes en el mapa mental o categoria semàntica i són indispensables per a comprendre el mot d'origen. (ca)
  • Cognitive semantics is part of the cognitive linguistics movement. Semantics is the study of linguistic meaning. Cognitive semantics holds that language is part of a more general human cognitive ability, and can therefore only describe the world as people conceive of it. It is implicit that different linguistic communities conceive of simple things and processes in the world differently (different cultures), not necessarily some difference between a person's conceptual world and the real world (wrong beliefs). The main tenets of cognitive semantics are: (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Prototype_membership.gif
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  • La semàntica cognitiva és un camp d'estudi de la lingüística cognitiva que tracta el concepte de significat de les expressions d'una llengua i com s'articula dins la ment, tant de l'emissor com del receptor. Un mot o expressió té un significat o sentit que es compon de diversos trets, que excedeixen la simple definició de diccionari. Aquests trets activen paraules properes en el mapa mental o categoria semàntica i són indispensables per a comprendre el mot d'origen. Per exemple, per comprendre el sentit de «gos» no és suficient saber que es tracta d'un mamífer domèstic. La paraula està dins la categoria mental dels animals (i per tant s'activen altres mots propers com "gat" per descodificar expressions de l'estil "portar-se com gat i gos"), però suggereix també fidelitat o por, segons la connotació de cada persona. Probablement, s'activin també mots com "casa" (és un animal que guarda la casa) i d'altres. Aquestes activacions permeten una resposta àmplia davant d'un context determinat, fent inferències i omplint buits d'informació dels enunciats efectivament intercanviats. Segons la teoria del prototipus, cada mot és el centre d'una xarxa de relacions semàntiques que s'activen amb intensitat decreixent segons la distància del nucli central. Aquestes xarxes estan compartides en més d'un 80% entre parlants d'un mateix idioma, que associen connotacions culturals i coneixement enciclopèdic o cultural a la definició pura (anomenada base per Ronald Langacker). Algunes associacions, però, són totalment subjectives. Quan un individu entra en contacte amb una frase, analitza les paraules que la componen i les relacions sintàctiques que s'estableixen entre aquestes per activar un determinat marc de comprensió (en termes de Charles J. Fillmore), és a dir, per mantenir en alerta totes les categories cognitives que es puguin relacionar amb els mots d'aquella oració, amb les xarxes de relació i connotació que requereixin. Activa, al mateix temps, una simulació mental del que està representant la frase. Aplicar la semàntica cognitiva implica estudiar cada mot en context i tenir en compte l'estructura de la ment, per poder adonar-se de fenòmens complexos com la metàfora o determinades inferències que es duen a terme en una conversa. (ca)
  • Cognitive semantics is part of the cognitive linguistics movement. Semantics is the study of linguistic meaning. Cognitive semantics holds that language is part of a more general human cognitive ability, and can therefore only describe the world as people conceive of it. It is implicit that different linguistic communities conceive of simple things and processes in the world differently (different cultures), not necessarily some difference between a person's conceptual world and the real world (wrong beliefs). The main tenets of cognitive semantics are: * That grammar manifests a conception of the world held in a culture; * That knowledge of language is acquired and contextual; * That the ability to use language draws upon general cognitive resources and not a special language module. Cognitive semantics has introduced innovations like prototype theory, conceptual metaphors, and frame semantics, and it is the linguistic paradigm/framework that since the 1980s has generated the most studies in lexical semantics. As part of the field of cognitive linguistics, the cognitive semantics approach rejects the traditional separation of linguistics into phonology, morphology, syntax, pragmatics, etc. Instead, it divides semantics into meaning-construction and knowledge representation. Therefore, cognitive semantics studies much of the area traditionally devoted to pragmatics as well as semantics. The techniques native to cognitive semantics are typically used in lexical studies such as those put forth by Leonard Talmy, George Lakoff and Dirk Geeraerts. Some cognitive semantic frameworks, such as that developed by Talmy, take into account syntactic structures as well. (en)
  • La sémantique cognitive est une discipline issue de l'intelligence artificielle et de la linguistique et psychologie cognitive. Elle se démarque principalement de la tradition logique et philosophique en adoptant une perspective cognitive. (fr)
  • 의미인지론(意味認知論, cognitive semantics)은 의미의 문제를 인지와의 관련 속에서 파악하는 의미 이론으로서, 개념적 체계가 어떻게 작용하는지를 이해하기 위해 언어에 의존하며, 언어의 작용방식을 이해하기 위해 개념적 지식에 의존한다. 의미를 단어와 세계 간의 관계로 간주하고 언어 체계에서 인지적 조직을 배제한 '(Truth-Conditional Semantics)'과 뚜렷한 대조를 이룬다. 이에 관한 인지의미론의 네 가지 중심적 가정을 요약하면 다음과 같다. * 개념적 구조는 신체화된다. * 의미적 구조는 개념적 구조이다. * 의미 표상은 백과사전적이다. * 의미 구성은 개념화이다. (ko)
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