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Celestial globes show the apparent positions of the stars in the sky. They omit the Sun, Moon, and planets because the positions of these bodies vary relative to those of the stars, but the ecliptic, along which the Sun moves, is indicated.

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  • كرة سماوية (مجسم) (ar)
  • Himmelsglobus (de)
  • Celestial globe (en)
  • Globe céleste (fr)
  • 天球儀 (恒星) (ja)
  • 천구의 (ko)
  • Himmelsglob (sv)
  • Звёздный глобус (ru)
  • 天球仪 (zh)
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  • الكرة السماوية (بالإنجليزية: Celestial globe)‏ وهي كرة تُظهر مواقع الظاهرة للنجوم في السماء حيث حذفوا الشمس والقمر والكواكب المتحركة لأن مواقعها تختلف بالنسبة إلى تلك الكواكب ولكن يشار إلى مسار الشمس الذي تتحرك فيه. (ar)
  • Un globe céleste est une sphère centrée sur la Terre, sur laquelle est dessinée une carte du ciel. Il ne doit pas être confondu avec une sphère armillaire qui est une modélisation de la sphère céleste. La représentation du ciel sur la sphère a évolué au cours de l'Histoire, depuis l'Antiquité. Un globe céleste a été conçu par Gérard Mercator en 1542. (fr)
  • 天球儀(てんきゅうぎ、英: celestial globe)は、球面上に恒星の天球上の位置を示した模型である。平面状の星図と異なり星空をひずみなく描くことができ、恒星間のも正しく表現される一方、通常の天球儀では天球を模型の外側から眺める形になるため、模型の表面上に描かれた星空は鏡像となっている。 (ja)
  • En himmelsglob är en avbildning av stjärnhimlen på utsidan av ett klot. Till skillnad från tvådimensionella kartor visar den stjärnhimlen utan förvrängning och stjärnornas inbördes vinkelavstånd visas korrekt. Stjärnornas olika ljusstyrkor brukar också framgå. Normalt är dock himlen ”spegelvänd” eftersom globen bara kan betraktas utifrån. (sv)
  • Звёздный глобус — объёмное изображение небесной сферы с нанесёнными на неё экватором, сеткой небесных меридианов и параллелей, эклиптики, основных созвездий и звезд, используемых при определении места судна. 3вёздный глобус позволяет решать задачи мореходной астрономии, не требующие большой точности: подбор нескольких звезд для астрономических наблюдений, определение названия наблюдаемой звезды и времени восхода и захода светил, их азимуты в этот момент и другое. (ru)
  • 天球仪是将星空表示在一个球上的一种天文仪器。在天球仪上恒星和星座的位置可以不变形地显示出来,但是观看一个天球仪的人是从仪器的外面来看它上面显示的星座的,因此它实际上是天球的一个镜像反射。 在过去天球仪非常普及,它有以下这些好处: 1. * 假如一台天球仪制造得非常精确的话它可以不变形地从任何角度来显示星空 2. * 与一个同样大小的地球仪结合在一起它是一台非常精确和准确的计算仪器 早在古代天球和地球仪就出现了,托勒密描写过制造天球仪的方法。在中世纪晚期天球仪非常普及。后来的天球仪也非常注重其艺术表现。许多宫廷天文学家为其雇主制作过天球仪。有些天球仪结合在太阳系仪中,带有机械的驱动。奥地利国家图书馆拥有世界上最大的天球仪的收集。 今天出售的除了有天球仪和地球仪外还有表示個天體表面地形的、和。 (zh)
  • Ein Himmelsglobus (lat. Globus coelestis) ist die Darstellung des Sternhimmels auf einer scheinbaren Himmelskugel. Er zeigt die Lage der Fixsterne und der Sternbilder in unverzerrter, aber spiegelbildlicher Lage, weil der Beobachter von außen auf den Globus blickt. Bei Himmelsgloben ist der Himmel von außen auf der Kugel dargestellt. Der Betrachter muss sich in den Globus „hineinversetzen“, um den Himmel richtig zu sehen. Zwei Vorteile der Himmelsgloben waren für ihre frühere Bedeutung entscheidend: (de)
  • Celestial globes show the apparent positions of the stars in the sky. They omit the Sun, Moon, and planets because the positions of these bodies vary relative to those of the stars, but the ecliptic, along which the Sun moves, is indicated. (en)
  • 천구의 (天球儀)는 하늘에 있는 별의 를 나타낸다. 태양, 달, 행성은 별의 위치에 따라 위치가 다르기 때문에 생략하지만 태양이 이동하는 황도는 표시된다. 천구의의 "손잡이"에 관한 문제가 있다. 별이 가상의 천구에서 실제로 차지하는 위치에 별이 있도록 지구를 구성하면 별 시야가 지구 표면에 거꾸로 나타날 것이다 (모든 별자리는 거울 이미지로 나타난다). 이는 천구의 중심에 위치한 지구에서 보는 시각이 천구 내부의 심사도법인 반면, 천구의는 외부에서 본 정사도법이기 때문이다. 이러한 이유로 천구의는 종종 거울 이미지로 생성되므로 적어도 별자리는 지구에서 볼 때 나타난다. 일부 현대 천체는 지구의 표면을 투명하게 만들어 이 문제를 해결한다. 그런 다음 별을 적절한 위치에 배치하고 지구를 통해 볼 수 있으므로 보기가 천구의 내부를 볼 수 있다. 그러나 구체를 볼 수 있는 적절한 위치는 중심에서이지만 투명한 구체를 보는 사람은 중심에서 멀리 떨어진 바깥에 있어야 한다. 투명한 표면을 통해 외부에서 구 내부를 보면 심각한 왜곡이 발생한다. 별자리를 정확하게 배치하여 만든 불투명한 천체는 지구 밖에서 직접 볼 때 거울상처럼 보이기 때문에 거울을 통해 보는 경우가 많기 때문에 별자리는 친숙한 모습을 하고 있다. 지구상의 서면 자료, 예: 별자리 이름은 거꾸로 인쇄되어 거울에서 쉽게 읽을 수 있다. (ko)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Book_of_the_Fixed_Stars_Auv0156_delphinus.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Celestial_Globe.Diya_ad-din_Muhammad_Lahore.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Celestial_globe_MET_DP-12901-001.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Celestial_globe_with_clockwork_MET_DP237685.jpg
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  • الكرة السماوية (بالإنجليزية: Celestial globe)‏ وهي كرة تُظهر مواقع الظاهرة للنجوم في السماء حيث حذفوا الشمس والقمر والكواكب المتحركة لأن مواقعها تختلف بالنسبة إلى تلك الكواكب ولكن يشار إلى مسار الشمس الذي تتحرك فيه. (ar)
  • Ein Himmelsglobus (lat. Globus coelestis) ist die Darstellung des Sternhimmels auf einer scheinbaren Himmelskugel. Er zeigt die Lage der Fixsterne und der Sternbilder in unverzerrter, aber spiegelbildlicher Lage, weil der Beobachter von außen auf den Globus blickt. Bei Himmelsgloben ist der Himmel von außen auf der Kugel dargestellt. Der Betrachter muss sich in den Globus „hineinversetzen“, um den Himmel richtig zu sehen. Zwei Vorteile der Himmelsgloben waren für ihre frühere Bedeutung entscheidend: 1. * die Freiheit von jeder Art der Verzerrung, wenn der Globus genau genug gefertigt ist, 2. * die rasche und sichere Benützbarkeit als , insbesondere wenn ein Erdglobus mit demselben Durchmesser vorhanden war. (de)
  • Celestial globes show the apparent positions of the stars in the sky. They omit the Sun, Moon, and planets because the positions of these bodies vary relative to those of the stars, but the ecliptic, along which the Sun moves, is indicated. There is an issue regarding the “handedness” of celestial globes. If the globe is constructed so that the stars are in the positions they actually occupy on the imaginary celestial sphere, then the star field will appear reversed on the surface of the globe (all the constellations will appear as their mirror images). This is because the view from Earth, positioned at the centre of the celestial sphere, is of the gnomonic projection inside of the celestial sphere, whereas the celestial globe is orthographic projection as viewed from the outside. For this reason, celestial globes are often produced in mirror image, so that at least the constellations appear as viewed from earth. Some modern celestial globes address this problem by making the surface of the globe transparent. The stars can then be placed in their proper positions and viewed through the globe, so that the view is of the inside of the celestial sphere. However, the proper position from which to view the sphere would be from its centre, but the viewer of a transparent globe must be outside it, far from its centre. Viewing the inside of the sphere from the outside, through its transparent surface, produces serious distortions. Opaque celestial globes that are made with the constellations correctly placed, so they appear as mirror images when directly viewed from outside the globe, are often viewed in a mirror, so the constellations have their familiar appearances. Written material on the globe, e.g. constellation names, is printed in reverse, so it can easily be read in the mirror. Before Copernicus’s 16th century discovery that the solar system is ‘heliocentric rather than geocentric and geostatic’ (that the earth orbits the sun and not the other way around) ‘the stars have been commonly, though perhaps not universally, perceived as though attached to the inside of a hollow sphere enclosing and rotating about the earth’. Working under the incorrect assumption that the cosmos was geocentric the second century Greek astronomer Ptolemy composed the Almagest in which ‘the movements of the planets could be accurately represented by means of techniques involving the use of epicycles, deferents, eccentrics (whereby planetary motion is conceived as circular with respect to a point displaced from Earth), and equants (a device that posits a constant angular rate of rotation with respect to a point displaced from Earth)’. Guided by these ideas astronomers of the middle ages, Muslim and Christian alike, created celestial globes to ‘represent in a model the arrangement and movement of the stars’. In their most basic form celestial globes represent the stars as if the viewer were looking down upon the sky as a globe that surrounds the earth. (en)
  • Un globe céleste est une sphère centrée sur la Terre, sur laquelle est dessinée une carte du ciel. Il ne doit pas être confondu avec une sphère armillaire qui est une modélisation de la sphère céleste. La représentation du ciel sur la sphère a évolué au cours de l'Histoire, depuis l'Antiquité. Un globe céleste a été conçu par Gérard Mercator en 1542. (fr)
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