Caroline Twigge Matthews, MBChB (1877 –1927) was a British doctor and war correspondent, and was dubbed a 'war heroine'. She served in the Italian Red Cross in the 1908 Messina earthquake, and in military hospitals during the Balkans War and World War One, and was taken as a prisoner of war. She was awarded King Victor Emmanuel's Medal, the Italian Red Cross Medal, King Victor Emmanuel's Commemoration Medal and the Montenegrin Order of Danilo. When she died, the press said she was "The Florence Nightingale of the Balkans."