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Carl Iver Hovland (June 12, 1912 – April 16, 1961) was a psychologist working primarily at Yale University and for the US Army during World War II who studied attitude change and persuasion. He first reported the sleeper effect after studying the effects of the Frank Capra's propaganda film Why We Fight on soldiers in the Army. In later studies on this subject, Hovland collaborated with Irving Janis who would later become famous for his theory of groupthink. Hovland also developed social judgment theory of attitude change. Carl Hovland thought that the ability of someone to resist persuasion by a certain group depended on your degree of belonging to the group.

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  • كارل هوفلاند (ar)
  • Carl I. Hovland (de)
  • Carl Hovland (en)
  • Carl Hovland (it)
  • Carl Hovland (fr)
  • カール・ホブランド (ja)
  • Carl Hovland (pt)
  • Ховланд, Карл Ивер (ru)
  • 卡尔·霍夫兰德 (zh)
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  • كارل هوفلاند (بالإنجليزية: Carl Hovland)‏ هو أستاذ جامعي وعالم نفس أمريكي، ولد في 12 يونيو 1912 في شيكاغو في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 16 أبريل 1961 في نيو هيفن في الولايات المتحدة بسبب غرق. (ar)
  • Carl Iver Hovland (June 12, 1912 – April 16, 1961) was a psychologist working primarily at Yale University and for the US Army during World War II who studied attitude change and persuasion. He first reported the sleeper effect after studying the effects of the Frank Capra's propaganda film Why We Fight on soldiers in the Army. In later studies on this subject, Hovland collaborated with Irving Janis who would later become famous for his theory of groupthink. Hovland also developed social judgment theory of attitude change. Carl Hovland thought that the ability of someone to resist persuasion by a certain group depended on your degree of belonging to the group. (en)
  • Carl Iver Hovland (* 12. Juni 1912 in Chicago, Illinois; † 16. April 1961 in New Haven, Connecticut) war ein US-amerikanischer Psychologe. Er war einer der ersten Vertreter der psychologisch orientierten Medienwirkungsforschung. (de)
  • カール・ホブランド（Carl Iver Hovland、1912年6月12日-1961年4月16日）は、アメリカ合衆国の心理学者で、イェール大学で働き、第二次世界大戦中にはアメリカ陸軍に従事した。行動変化と説得の専門家である。 ホブランドはイリノイ州シカゴで生まれた。アメリカ陸軍でフランク・キャプラのプロパガンダ映画『（なぜ我々は戦うのか）』の兵士への効果を研究した後、スリーパー効果を最初に報告した。後にホブランドは、集団思考の研究で有名になるアーヴィング・ジャニスと一緒にこの問題に取り組んだ。 彼は、行動変化における理論の発展にも貢献し、1961年に耳下腺の癌のために死去した。 (ja)
  • Carl Iver Hovland (Chicago, 12 giugno 1912 – New Haven, 16 aprile 1961) è stato uno psicologo statunitense. Egli fu uno dei primi ricercatori a interessarsi al campo della ricerca sugli effetti dei mezzi di comunicazione di massa. (it)
  • Карл И́вер Хо́вланд (англ. Carl Iver Hovland; 12 июня 1912, Чикаго — 16 апреля 1961, Нью-Хейвен — американский психолог, профессор Йельского университета, основатель . (ru)
  • 卡尔·霍夫兰德 （英語：Carl Iver Hovland，1912年6月12日－1961年4月16日）， 美国心理学家。 (zh)
  • Carl Iver Hovland, psychologue américain né le 12 juin 1912 à Chicago, de parents profondément religieux et mort le 16 avril 1961 à New Haven (Connecticut), offrit d’importantes contributions à la psychologie expérimentale, sociale et cognitive en tant que pionnier dans la recherche des effets de la communication sociale sur les comportements et les croyances. Il entre à l'université Northwestern à l’âge de 16 ans où il reçoit son « Bachelor of Arts » (diplôme accordé à la fin de quatre ans d'études universitaires), en 1932, et une maîtrise l’année suivante. (fr)
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  • كارل هوفلاند (بالإنجليزية: Carl Hovland)‏ هو أستاذ جامعي وعالم نفس أمريكي، ولد في 12 يونيو 1912 في شيكاغو في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 16 أبريل 1961 في نيو هيفن في الولايات المتحدة بسبب غرق. (ar)
  • Carl Iver Hovland (June 12, 1912 – April 16, 1961) was a psychologist working primarily at Yale University and for the US Army during World War II who studied attitude change and persuasion. He first reported the sleeper effect after studying the effects of the Frank Capra's propaganda film Why We Fight on soldiers in the Army. In later studies on this subject, Hovland collaborated with Irving Janis who would later become famous for his theory of groupthink. Hovland also developed social judgment theory of attitude change. Carl Hovland thought that the ability of someone to resist persuasion by a certain group depended on your degree of belonging to the group. (en)
  • Carl Iver Hovland (* 12. Juni 1912 in Chicago, Illinois; † 16. April 1961 in New Haven, Connecticut) war ein US-amerikanischer Psychologe. Er war einer der ersten Vertreter der psychologisch orientierten Medienwirkungsforschung. (de)
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