Calan Gaeaf is the name of the first day of winter in Wales, observed on 1 November. The night before is Nos Galan Gaeaf or Noson Galan Gaeaf, an Ysbrydnos ("spirit night") when spirits are abroad. Traditionally, people avoid churchyards, stiles, and crossroads, since spirits are thought to gather there. The event was first recorded in literature as 'Kalan Gayaf' via a 13th century manuscript, known today as the Black Book of Carmarthen and due to the Welsh language originating from oral tradition, Calan Gaeaf may have existed far earlier.
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| - Calan Gaeaf (ca)
- Calan Gaeaf (en)
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| - Calan Gaeaf és com s'anomena a Gal·les el primer dia de l'hivern, que s'hi celebra l'1 de novembre. Semblantment al Calan Mai, la nit de la vigília (Nos Calan Gaeaf) és un Ysbrydnos, o "nit dels esperits", quan els esperits es fan més presents i l'endevinació esdevé possible; en aquesta nit hom evita les esglésies i els encreuaments de camins, perquè es diu que els esperits s'hi apleguen. El nom Calan deriva del llatí calendae, primer dia del mes, i de Gaeaf, hivern en gal·lès. (ca)
- Calan Gaeaf is the name of the first day of winter in Wales, observed on 1 November. The night before is Nos Galan Gaeaf or Noson Galan Gaeaf, an Ysbrydnos ("spirit night") when spirits are abroad. Traditionally, people avoid churchyards, stiles, and crossroads, since spirits are thought to gather there. The event was first recorded in literature as 'Kalan Gayaf' via a 13th century manuscript, known today as the Black Book of Carmarthen and due to the Welsh language originating from oral tradition, Calan Gaeaf may have existed far earlier. (en)
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| - Calan Gaeaf és com s'anomena a Gal·les el primer dia de l'hivern, que s'hi celebra l'1 de novembre. Semblantment al Calan Mai, la nit de la vigília (Nos Calan Gaeaf) és un Ysbrydnos, o "nit dels esperits", quan els esperits es fan més presents i l'endevinació esdevé possible; en aquesta nit hom evita les esglésies i els encreuaments de camins, perquè es diu que els esperits s'hi apleguen. El nom Calan deriva del llatí calendae, primer dia del mes, i de Gaeaf, hivern en gal·lès. (ca)
- Calan Gaeaf is the name of the first day of winter in Wales, observed on 1 November. The night before is Nos Galan Gaeaf or Noson Galan Gaeaf, an Ysbrydnos ("spirit night") when spirits are abroad. Traditionally, people avoid churchyards, stiles, and crossroads, since spirits are thought to gather there. The event was first recorded in literature as 'Kalan Gayaf' via a 13th century manuscript, known today as the Black Book of Carmarthen and due to the Welsh language originating from oral tradition, Calan Gaeaf may have existed far earlier. (en)
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