| rdfs:comment
| - Dalam ilmu ekonomi, barang merugikan adalah barang-barang (produk) yang tidak diinginkan oleh konsumen. Contohnya adalah sampah, polusi, dan limbah. Penambahan kuantitas barang merugikan akan mengurangi kebahagiaan dan kepuasan konsumen.
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* b
* s (in)
- 경제학에서 비재화(bad)란 재화(good)의 반대말로서, 음의 가치로 거래되는 대상을 의미한다. 재화의 가격은 양수로 나타낼 수 있음에 반해, 비재화의 가격은 음수로 나타내게 된다. 즉, 비재화를 다른 경제 구성원과 교환하고자 할 경우에는 그 음의 가격에 해당하는 화폐를 지불하면서 양도해야 한다. 쓰레기는 비재화의 대표적 사례이다. (ko)
- Nežádoucí statek označuje v teorii spotřebitele takový statek, jehož spotřeba snižuje užitek spotřebitele. Toto označení nevypovídá o kvalitě statku, ale o preferencích spotřebitele. Například káva je pro mnoho lidí statkem žádoucím (ti si ji kupují). Současně např. pro lidi alergické na kofein je káva statkem nežádoucím. (cs)
- An economic bad is the opposite of an economic good. A 'bad' is anything with a negative value to the consumer, or a negative price in the marketplace. Refuse is an example of a bad. A bad is a physical object that lowers a consumer's level of happiness, or stated alternately, a bad is an object whose consumption or presence lowers the utility of the consumer. (en)
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| has abstract
| - Nežádoucí statek označuje v teorii spotřebitele takový statek, jehož spotřeba snižuje užitek spotřebitele. Toto označení nevypovídá o kvalitě statku, ale o preferencích spotřebitele. Například káva je pro mnoho lidí statkem žádoucím (ti si ji kupují). Současně např. pro lidi alergické na kofein je káva statkem nežádoucím. Nelze zaměňovat nežádoucí statek s méněcenným statkem. Méněcenný statek je statek žádoucí, po kterém klesá poptávka s růstem důchodu spotřebitele. Méněcenný statek je spotřebitel ochoten spotřebovávat, zatímco nežádoucí statek bude spotřebovávat pouze, pokud k tomu bude donucen (pak se jedná o tzv. vázanou spotřebu). (cs)
- An economic bad is the opposite of an economic good. A 'bad' is anything with a negative value to the consumer, or a negative price in the marketplace. Refuse is an example of a bad. A bad is a physical object that lowers a consumer's level of happiness, or stated alternately, a bad is an object whose consumption or presence lowers the utility of the consumer. With normal goods, a two-party transaction results in the exchange of money for some object, as when money is exchanged for a car. With a bad, however, both money and the object in question go the same direction, as when a household gives up both money and garbage to a waste collector being compensated to take the garbage. In this way, garbage has a negative price; the waste collector is receiving both garbage and money and thus is paying a negative amount for the garbage. Goodness and badness are an inherently subjective declaration, however. As an example: two diners at a restaurant discover that the "secret ingredient" in the house specialty is peanuts. One of the diners is a peanut-lover, and the other is allergic to peanuts. In this case, peanuts are, in the same time and in the same place, both a good and a bad in economic terms. Additionally, a good consumed by the same individual can turn into a bad over time, and vice versa; the nicotine from cigarettes may give a smoker a feeling of relieved anxiety and reduced stress. Continuing, long-term consumption of cigarettes, however, may have serious adverse effects on a smoker's health, thus turning the utility of cigarettes into the negative. On the other hand, some forms of medical treatment or side effects of medication may seem rather unpleasant to a patient at the time of treatment, but will greatly improve their health and well-being in the long run. (en)
- Dalam ilmu ekonomi, barang merugikan adalah barang-barang (produk) yang tidak diinginkan oleh konsumen. Contohnya adalah sampah, polusi, dan limbah. Penambahan kuantitas barang merugikan akan mengurangi kebahagiaan dan kepuasan konsumen.
* l
* b
* s (in)
- 경제학에서 비재화(bad)란 재화(good)의 반대말로서, 음의 가치로 거래되는 대상을 의미한다. 재화의 가격은 양수로 나타낼 수 있음에 반해, 비재화의 가격은 음수로 나타내게 된다. 즉, 비재화를 다른 경제 구성원과 교환하고자 할 경우에는 그 음의 가격에 해당하는 화폐를 지불하면서 양도해야 한다. 쓰레기는 비재화의 대표적 사례이다. (ko)
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