Arthur Sampson Napier FBA (1853–1916) was a British philologist. He was Merton Professor of English Language and Literature, University of Oxford, from 1885 and also Rawlinsonian Professor of Anglo-Saxon since 1903. Napier was appointed a fellow of Merton College, Oxford, in 1885 and of the British Academy in 1904. Born in Wilmslow on 30 August 1853, Napier studied at Owens College, Exeter College, Oxford, and the University of Göttingen. Napier died on 10 May 1916.