Apostatic selection is a form of negative frequency-dependent selection. It describes the survival of individual prey animals that are different (through mutation) from their species in a way that makes it more likely for them to be ignored by their predators. It operates on polymorphic species, species which have different forms. In apostatic selection, the common forms of a species are preyed on more than the rarer forms, giving the rare forms a selective advantage in the population. It has also been discussed that apostatic selection acts to stabilize prey polymorphisms.
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| - Apostatic selection (en)
- Selección apostática (es)
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| - Apostatic selection is a form of negative frequency-dependent selection. It describes the survival of individual prey animals that are different (through mutation) from their species in a way that makes it more likely for them to be ignored by their predators. It operates on polymorphic species, species which have different forms. In apostatic selection, the common forms of a species are preyed on more than the rarer forms, giving the rare forms a selective advantage in the population. It has also been discussed that apostatic selection acts to stabilize prey polymorphisms. (en)
- La selección apostática es un tipo de selección según la frecuencia realizada por los depredadores, en particular referida a las presas que tienen diferentes morfos y que no imitan a otras especies. Está cercanamente relacionada con la idea de alternancia de presas, aunque generalmente ambos términos se unan para describir diferentes aspectos del mismo fenómeno. La selección apostática se usa referida a la opción entre diferentes morfos genéticos de la misma especie, mientras que la alternancia de presas suele usarse para describir la selección entre distintas especies. (es)
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| - Apostatic selection is a form of negative frequency-dependent selection. It describes the survival of individual prey animals that are different (through mutation) from their species in a way that makes it more likely for them to be ignored by their predators. It operates on polymorphic species, species which have different forms. In apostatic selection, the common forms of a species are preyed on more than the rarer forms, giving the rare forms a selective advantage in the population. It has also been discussed that apostatic selection acts to stabilize prey polymorphisms. The term "apostatic selection" was introduced in 1962 by Bryan Clarke in reference to predation on polymorphic grove snails and since then it has been used as a synonym for negative frequency-dependent selection. The behavioural basis of apostatic selection was initially neglected, but was eventually established by A.B Bond. Apostatic selection can also apply to the predator if the predator has various morphs. There are multiple concepts that are closely linked with apostatic selection. One is the idea of prey switching, which is another term used to look at a different aspect of the same phenomenon, as well as the concept of a search image. Search images are relevant to apostatic selection as it is how a predator is able to detect an organism as a possible prey. Apostatic selection is important in evolution because it can sustain a stable equilibrium of morph frequencies, and hence maintains large amounts of genetic diversity in natural populations. It is important to note however, that a rare morph being present in a population does not always mean that apostatic selection will occur, as the rare morph could be targeted at a higher rate. From a predator's view, being able to select for rare morphs actually increases the predator's own fitness. (en)
- La selección apostática es un tipo de selección según la frecuencia realizada por los depredadores, en particular referida a las presas que tienen diferentes morfos y que no imitan a otras especies. Está cercanamente relacionada con la idea de alternancia de presas, aunque generalmente ambos términos se unan para describir diferentes aspectos del mismo fenómeno. La selección apostática se usa referida a la opción entre diferentes morfos genéticos de la misma especie, mientras que la alternancia de presas suele usarse para describir la selección entre distintas especies. Este concepto está ligado al concepto de «imagen de búsqueda» de , por medio de la cual - debido a la experiencia - se cree que un depredador desarrolla la capacidad de localizar mejor a las presas de apariencia típica (patrón mayoritario), hasta el punto de que los especímenes típicos son atrapados incluso de forma desproporcionada a su abundancia real en la población. En cambio, los especímenes de apariencia inusual tienen menos probabilidad de acabar siendo parte de la dieta del depredador de lo que estaría justificado en una proporción equivalente a su abundancia relativa en la población. En consecuencia los individuos de apariencia distinta a la típica tienen mayor probabilidad de pasar los genes que determinan esa apariencia diferente a la siguiente generación. (es)
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