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The ancient history of Afghanistan, also referred to as the pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan, dates back to the prehistoric era and the Indus Valley civilization around 3300–1300 BCE. Archaeological exploration began in Afghanistan in earnest after World War II and proceeded until the late 1970s during the Soviet–Afghan War. Archaeologists and historians suggest that humans were living in Afghanistan at least 50,000 years ago, and that farming communities of the region were among the earliest in the world. Urbanized culture has existed in the land from between 3000 and 2000 BC. Artifacts typical of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze, and Iron ages have been found inside Afghanistan.

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  • Ancient history of Afghanistan (en)
  • تاريخ أفغانستان القديم (ar)
  • Доисламская история Афганистана (ru)
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  • بدأ التنقيب الأثري الجاد لفترة ما قبل الإسلام في أفغانستان بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية، واستمر حتى أواخر سبعينيات القرن العشرين حين غزا الاتحاد السوفيتي البلاد. يشير علماء الآثار والمؤرخون إلى أن البشر عاشوا في أفغانستان قبل 50,000 سنة على أقل تقدير، وأن المجتمعات الزراعية في المنطقة كانت من بين أقدم المجتمعات في العالم. تواجد التمدن الحضري بها في الفترة بين 3000 و2000 قبل الميلاد. عُثر داخل أفغانستان على قطع أثرية تنتمي إلى العصر الحجري القديم والعصر الحجري المتوسط والعصر الحجري الحديث والعصر البرونزي والعصر الحديدي. (ar)
  • The ancient history of Afghanistan, also referred to as the pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan, dates back to the prehistoric era and the Indus Valley civilization around 3300–1300 BCE. Archaeological exploration began in Afghanistan in earnest after World War II and proceeded until the late 1970s during the Soviet–Afghan War. Archaeologists and historians suggest that humans were living in Afghanistan at least 50,000 years ago, and that farming communities of the region were among the earliest in the world. Urbanized culture has existed in the land from between 3000 and 2000 BC. Artifacts typical of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze, and Iron ages have been found inside Afghanistan. (en)
  • Находки в пещере у Айбака, вместе с отдельными находками в Южном Таджикистане и находками в мастерской у села Янгаджа (Туркмения) могут быть объединены в одну группу, которую можно назвать каракамарским вариантом верхнего палеолита Средней Азии, которая находит аналогии в III—IV фазе верхнего палеолита Ближнего Востока. Каракамарский вариант характеризуется наличием нуклевидных скребков «высокой формы», грубопризматическими нуклеусами, пластинами крупных размеров. Земледельческие поселения на территории Афганистана возрастом 5000 лет назад были одними из первых в мире. (ru)
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