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In linguistics and grammar, affirmation (abbreviated AFF) and negation (NEG) are ways in which grammar encodes positive and negative polarity into verb phrases, clauses, or other utterances. An affirmative (positive) form is used to express the validity or truth of a basic assertion, while a negative form expresses its falsity. For example, the affirmative sentence "Jane is here" asserts that it is true that Jane is currently located near the speaker. Conversely, the negative sentence "Jane is not here" asserts that it is not true that Jane is currently located near the speaker.

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  • نفي (نحو) (ar)
  • Affirmation and negation (en)
  • Polaridad (gramática) (es)
  • 極性 (言語学) (ja)
  • Polariteit (taalkunde) (nl)
  • Отрицание (лингвистика) (ru)
rdfs:comment
  • النفي في النحو خلاف الإثبات. وينقسم إلى ظاهر وغير ظاهر (أو نفي صريح ونفي ضمني). وتسمى حروفه أدوات النفي وهي: (لا، ليس، غير، لم، لمّا، لن، لام الجحود، ما، لات). يقع النفي على الفعل الماضي والمضارع فقط أما فعل الأمر فلا يُنفى لأنه من أساليب الإنشاء. (ar)
  • 言語学における極性(きょくせい)とは、言語表現における肯定と否定、つまりある陳述(文またはその一部)が真・偽いずれであるかという文法上の区別であり、文法範疇の一つである。 (ja)
  • In linguistics and grammar, affirmation (abbreviated AFF) and negation (NEG) are ways in which grammar encodes positive and negative polarity into verb phrases, clauses, or other utterances. An affirmative (positive) form is used to express the validity or truth of a basic assertion, while a negative form expresses its falsity. For example, the affirmative sentence "Jane is here" asserts that it is true that Jane is currently located near the speaker. Conversely, the negative sentence "Jane is not here" asserts that it is not true that Jane is currently located near the speaker. (en)
  • En lingüística, la polaridad se refiere a la presencia o ausencia de ciertas partículas gramaticales que realizan la negación. La polaridad de una oración enunciativa puede ser positiva o negativa. Frecuentemente la presencia de una negación implica alguna forma de concordancia o cambio adicional en la oración. Como en los ejemplos siguientes: (1a) ¡Ven!(1b) ¡No vengas! / (= ¡*No ven!) (2a) I want something from you(2b) I do not want anything from you / (= *I do not want something from you) (es)
  • Polariteit is in de taalwetenschap de grammaticale categorie die uitspraken verdeelt in bevestiging (of affirmatie), waarmee de aanwezigheid of wenselijkheid van een toestand wordt beschreven, en ontkenning (of negatie), waarmee juist afwezigheid of onwenselijkheid uitgedrukt wordt. In het Nederlands is dit het onderscheid tussen 'Jan ziet Piet' (bevestiging) en 'Jan ziet Piet niet' (ontkenning). Zoals in de meeste talen is bevestiging in het Nederlands doorgaans ongemarkeerd: een zin is bevestigend tenzij een woord als 'niet', 'nooit', etc. wordt gebruikt om de polariteit om te keren. Het Nederlands kent daarnaast een paar woorden, waaronder 'wel', die een nadrukkelijke bevestiging opleveren. (nl)
  • Отрицание в лингвистике — обозначение логического отрицания. Все человеческие языки способны выражать отрицание, однако его ни разу не обнаруживали в коммуникации других животных, и даже обученные человеческим языкам птицы и звери никогда не использовали слов типа «нет». (ru)
foaf:depiction
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/I_am_a_moral_person_(2).png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/I_am_not_a_moral_person_(negative).png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/I_might_be_a_moral_person_(modal).png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/I_see_him_not_-_ik_zie_hem_niet_(negated).png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Je_sais_pas_-_i_know_not_(negated).png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John_is_here_already_(affirmative).png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John_is_not_here_already_(negative).png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John_might_be_here_already_(modal).png
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