The 1990–91 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented The University of Texas at Austin in intercollegiate basketball competition during the 1990–91 season. The Longhorns were led by third-year head coach Tom Penders. The team finished the season with a 23–9 overall record and finished second in Southwest Conference play with a 13–3 conference record. Texas advanced to the NCAA tournament, recording an opening round win over Saint Peter's before falling to St. John's in the second round.