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The first election for Virginia's 5th congressional district took place on February 2, 1789, for a two-year term to commence on March 4 of that year. In a race that turned on the candidates' positions on the need for amendments (the Bill of Rights) to the recently ratified U.S. Constitution, James Madison defeated James Monroe for a place in the House of Representatives of the First Congress. It is the only congressional election in U.S. history in which two future presidents opposed each other.

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  • 1789 Virginia's 5th congressional district election (en)
  • 1789年弗吉尼亚州第五国会选区选举 (zh)
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  • 1789年2月2日,举办首次联邦众议员选举,当选议员任期两年,同年3月4日开始。此次选举的候选人后来都当上美国总统,这种情况还从未重现。竞选主要议题是候选人认为是否需要对刚刚批准的《美国宪法》提出修正案(即权利法案),最终詹姆斯·麦迪逊战胜詹姆斯·门罗入选首届国会的联邦众议院。 弗吉尼亚州议会包括前州长帕特里克·亨利在内的反对弗吉尼亚州批准《美国宪法》,想让极力支持宪法的麦迪逊当不上国会议员。他们已经在州议会推举他人当选弗吉尼亚州首批联邦参议员,只需在众议员选举再下一城。反联邦党人推举年轻但经验丰富的政治家门罗,他还是独立战争英雄,在1776年特倫頓戰役身负重伤。门罗本来无意竞争,但一参选便积极竞选。弗吉尼亚州此时天寒地冻,两名候选人坚持在户外辩论,麦迪逊一度在辩论会冻伤面部。 麦迪逊此前曾表示没有必要制订宪法修正案,但竞选期间他改变立场,只坚持由国会提出修正案,而不是像门罗和亨利等反联邦党人主张的那样。麦迪逊最终在总统当选人乔治·华盛顿等支持者的掌声中轻松获胜。竞选没有影响两位候选人的友谊,门罗1790年当选联邦参议员,还曾在麦迪逊当总统期间任国务卿,后在1817年继任麦迪逊的总统职位。 (zh)
  • The first election for Virginia's 5th congressional district took place on February 2, 1789, for a two-year term to commence on March 4 of that year. In a race that turned on the candidates' positions on the need for amendments (the Bill of Rights) to the recently ratified U.S. Constitution, James Madison defeated James Monroe for a place in the House of Representatives of the First Congress. It is the only congressional election in U.S. history in which two future presidents opposed each other. (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hebron_Lutheran_Church.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/First_Congress_Virginia.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The_state_of_Virginia_-_from_the_best_authorities_-_by_Samuel_Lewis,_1809;_Smither,_sculpt._NYPL465078.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/James_Monroe_(1758-1831).jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Original_1792_version_by_Peale.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/James_Madison,_by_Charles_Willson_Peale,_1783.png
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