GEO-Mobile Radio Interface (GEO stands for Geostationary Earth Orbit), better known as GMR, is an ETSI standard for satellite phones. The GMR standard is derived from the 3GPP-family terrestrial digital cellular standards and supports access to GSM/UMTS core networks. It is used by ACeS, ICO, Inmarsat, SkyTerra, TerreStar and Thuraya. There are two widely deployed variants of GMR, both heavily modeled after GSM GMR-1 is the technology used by Thuraya. GMR-1 3G is the technology used for TerreStar and SkyTerra.GMR-2 is used by Inmarsat iSatPhonePro. GMR was developed by TIA and ETSI.
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| - GEO-Mobile Radio Interface (de)
- GEO-Mobile Radio Interface (en)
- GEO-移动无线电接口 (zh)
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| - GEO-Mobile Radio Interface (GMR) ist ein Standard für Satellitentelephonie vom Europäischen Institut für Telekommunikationsnormen (ETSI). Es sind zwei parallel existierende Standards definiert, GMR-1 (ETSI TS 101 376) und GMR-2 (ETSI TS 101 377). (de)
- GEO-移动无线电接口（英語：GEO-Mobile Radio Interface，也称GMR；GEO意指地球靜止軌道）是一项面向卫星电话的ETSI标准。该标准派生自3GPP系列地面数字蜂窝标准，并支持接入GSM/UMTS核心网络。、、國際海事衛星組織、、和有使用此标准。 有两种被广泛部署的GMR变体，两者都与GSM十分相似：
* GMR-1：该标准的第一个版本，随着时间推移已经演变为3种不同的版本：
* GMR-1：基本的电路交换模型或多或少与GSM第二阶段对应，并使用完全相同的核心网络基础设施。
* GmPRS：添加对分组数据的支持。相当于GSM范畴中的GPRS。仍然连接到“千兆”风格的核心网络。
* GMR-1 3G：增加支持某些新的信道类型，最重要的变化是在核心网络中增加了与UMTS核心网络组件的互操作性。与传统蜂窝网络中UMTS和GSM具有完全不同的空中接口相反，GMR-1 3G在层级1方面仍然非常类似GMR-1。
* GMR-2：不是GMR-1的演变，而是另一组公司制定的并行标准。 Thuraya使用GMR-1技术。TerreStar和SkyTerra使用GMR-1 3G技术。Inmarsat iSatPhonePro使用GMR-2技术。 (zh)
- GEO-Mobile Radio Interface (GEO stands for Geostationary Earth Orbit), better known as GMR, is an ETSI standard for satellite phones. The GMR standard is derived from the 3GPP-family terrestrial digital cellular standards and supports access to GSM/UMTS core networks. It is used by ACeS, ICO, Inmarsat, SkyTerra, TerreStar and Thuraya. There are two widely deployed variants of GMR, both heavily modeled after GSM GMR-1 is the technology used by Thuraya. GMR-1 3G is the technology used for TerreStar and SkyTerra.GMR-2 is used by Inmarsat iSatPhonePro. GMR was developed by TIA and ETSI. (en)
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| - GEO-Mobile Radio Interface (GMR) ist ein Standard für Satellitentelephonie vom Europäischen Institut für Telekommunikationsnormen (ETSI). Es sind zwei parallel existierende Standards definiert, GMR-1 (ETSI TS 101 376) und GMR-2 (ETSI TS 101 377). (de)
- GEO-Mobile Radio Interface (GEO stands for Geostationary Earth Orbit), better known as GMR, is an ETSI standard for satellite phones. The GMR standard is derived from the 3GPP-family terrestrial digital cellular standards and supports access to GSM/UMTS core networks. It is used by ACeS, ICO, Inmarsat, SkyTerra, TerreStar and Thuraya. There are two widely deployed variants of GMR, both heavily modeled after GSM
* GMR-1: The first version of the standard and that has evolved over time into 3 different revisions:
* GMR-1: The basic circuit switched model, more or less corresponding to what GSM Phase 2 is, and using exactly the same core network infrastructure.
* GmPRS: Adding support for packet data. The equivalent of GPRS in the GSM world. Still connected to a 'Gb' style core network.
* GMR-1 3G: Adds support for some new channel types, but the most important changes are in the core network, adding interoperability with UMTS core network components. Contrary to the classic cell network where UMTS and GSM have a radically different air-interface, GMR-1 3G is still very similar to GMR-1 on the Layer 1 side.
* GMR-2: Which is not an evolution of GMR-1 but rather a concurrent standard that has been developed by another group of companies. GMR-1 is the technology used by Thuraya. GMR-1 3G is the technology used for TerreStar and SkyTerra.GMR-2 is used by Inmarsat iSatPhonePro. GMR was developed by TIA and ETSI. (en)
- GEO-移动无线电接口（英語：GEO-Mobile Radio Interface，也称GMR；GEO意指地球靜止軌道）是一项面向卫星电话的ETSI标准。该标准派生自3GPP系列地面数字蜂窝标准，并支持接入GSM/UMTS核心网络。、、國際海事衛星組織、、和有使用此标准。 有两种被广泛部署的GMR变体，两者都与GSM十分相似：
* GMR-1：该标准的第一个版本，随着时间推移已经演变为3种不同的版本：
* GMR-1：基本的电路交换模型或多或少与GSM第二阶段对应，并使用完全相同的核心网络基础设施。
* GmPRS：添加对分组数据的支持。相当于GSM范畴中的GPRS。仍然连接到“千兆”风格的核心网络。
* GMR-1 3G：增加支持某些新的信道类型，最重要的变化是在核心网络中增加了与UMTS核心网络组件的互操作性。与传统蜂窝网络中UMTS和GSM具有完全不同的空中接口相反，GMR-1 3G在层级1方面仍然非常类似GMR-1。
* GMR-2：不是GMR-1的演变，而是另一组公司制定的并行标准。 Thuraya使用GMR-1技术。TerreStar和SkyTerra使用GMR-1 3G技术。Inmarsat iSatPhonePro使用GMR-2技术。 (zh)
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