Welton Ivan Taylor (November 12, 1919 – November 1, 2012) was an American microbiologist, inventor and civil rights activist. He is known for his work on food-borne pathogens, notably for developing tests for Salmonella and for inventing the XLD (Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate) agar, which can be used to isolate Salmonella and Shigella bacteria. Taylor was a life-long civil-rights activist, promoting racial equality and working towards de-segregation.