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The Three Turnings of the Wheel (of Dharma) refers to a framework for understanding the sutra stream of the teachings of the Buddhism originally devised by the Yogachara school. It later became prevalent in modified form in Tibetan Buddhism and related traditions.

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  • Les Trois Roues du Dharma (fr)
  • Three Turnings of the Wheel of Dharma (en)
  • Три поворота (ru)
  • 三轉法輪 (zh)
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  • Les Trois Roues du Dharma renvoient, dans la tradition bouddhiste indo-tibétaine, au fait que le bouddha Siddhartha Gautama aurait donné son enseignement en « trois tours de Roue». On utilise aussi l’expression « la Roue de la Loi à trois tours ». (fr)
  • Три поворота колеса Дхармы, Трипариварта (санскр. त्रिपरिवर्त, IAST: tri-parivarta; кит. 三轉, сань-чжуань; яп. サンテン сантэн; вьетн. tam chuyển; кор. 삼전, самджон) — понятие в буддизме. (ru)
  • 三轉法輪,佛教術語,有幾種說法: 1. * 《轉法輪經》中,釋迦牟尼在鹿野苑為五比丘,說四聖諦,以示轉(初轉),教轉(二轉),證轉(三轉),三次宣說。稱為三轉法輪,又稱三轉四諦,或三轉十二行相。 2. * 《解深密經》將釋迦牟尼說法,分為三個階段:初轉法輪,轉阿含經等四諦法輪;二轉法輪,轉般若經等一切法空法輪,為不了義經;三轉法輪,為瑜伽行教了義經法輪,《千臂千鉢曼殊室利經》等經也有類似說法。真諦、玄奘依本經及金光明經,以初時之有教為轉法輪,第二時之空教為照法輪,第三時之中道教為持法輪,以中道教(唯識)最為了義。藏傳佛教接受此「三轉法輪」說,但對二轉還是三轉了義,各派有不同判準。持中觀應成見的格魯派以二轉法輪為最了義,持他空見的覺囊派攝第三轉為如來藏,判為最了義。 3. * 《華嚴經探玄記》記載智光論師《般若燈論釋》中引《蘇若那摩訶衍經》說:初鹿園,為諸小根說小乘法;第二時,為彼中根說法相大乘(瑜伽行教),明境空心有唯識道理;於第三時為上根說無相大乘(中觀),辯心境俱空平等一味,為真了義。 4. * 《究竟一乘寶性論》引用《陀羅尼自在王經》認為,釋迦牟尼先說「無常、苦、無我、不淨」等聲聞法,次說「空、無相、無願」(三三昧)等大乘空相應教,再說「不退轉輪語」,令眾生依自性清淨如來藏入佛境界。 5. * 《法華遊意》中,吉藏引用《法華經》立根本、枝末、攝末歸本三法輪,認為釋迦牟尼初成道時,屬根本法輪,為菩薩說《華嚴》一因一果法門。福薄鈍根者不堪聞華嚴一乘教,故於四十餘年中別說三乘,此即枝末之教。待機緣已熟,又為彼等三乘之人說《法華》《涅槃》,使其攝歸佛乘,為攝末歸本教。視各經在教化功用上為彼此互補。 (zh)
  • The Three Turnings of the Wheel (of Dharma) refers to a framework for understanding the sutra stream of the teachings of the Buddhism originally devised by the Yogachara school. It later became prevalent in modified form in Tibetan Buddhism and related traditions. (en)
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  • Les Trois Roues du Dharma renvoient, dans la tradition bouddhiste indo-tibétaine, au fait que le bouddha Siddhartha Gautama aurait donné son enseignement en « trois tours de Roue». On utilise aussi l’expression « la Roue de la Loi à trois tours ». (fr)
  • The Three Turnings of the Wheel (of Dharma) refers to a framework for understanding the sutra stream of the teachings of the Buddhism originally devised by the Yogachara school. It later became prevalent in modified form in Tibetan Buddhism and related traditions. The distinction is, on the one hand, a historic or quasi-historic scheme by which the Buddha's first sermons, as recorded in the Pali Canon and the Tripiṭaka of early Buddhist schools, constitute the First Turning, and the later Mahayana sutras comprise the Second and Third turnings. The schema appears in the Samdhinirmochana Sutra, a central Yogachara text, although it may predate it. The model of three turnings of the 'Wheel' is an attempt to categorize the content, philosophical view, and practical application of the whole array of Buddhist sutrayana teachings. In East Asian Buddhism, this classification system was expanded and modified into different doctrinal classifications called 教判 jiàopan which were developed by different Chinese Buddhist schools. (en)
  • Три поворота колеса Дхармы, Трипариварта (санскр. त्रिपरिवर्त, IAST: tri-parivarta; кит. 三轉, сань-чжуань; яп. サンテン сантэн; вьетн. tam chuyển; кор. 삼전, самджон) — понятие в буддизме. (ru)
  • 三轉法輪,佛教術語,有幾種說法: 1. * 《轉法輪經》中,釋迦牟尼在鹿野苑為五比丘,說四聖諦,以示轉(初轉),教轉(二轉),證轉(三轉),三次宣說。稱為三轉法輪,又稱三轉四諦,或三轉十二行相。 2. * 《解深密經》將釋迦牟尼說法,分為三個階段:初轉法輪,轉阿含經等四諦法輪;二轉法輪,轉般若經等一切法空法輪,為不了義經;三轉法輪,為瑜伽行教了義經法輪,《千臂千鉢曼殊室利經》等經也有類似說法。真諦、玄奘依本經及金光明經,以初時之有教為轉法輪,第二時之空教為照法輪,第三時之中道教為持法輪,以中道教(唯識)最為了義。藏傳佛教接受此「三轉法輪」說,但對二轉還是三轉了義,各派有不同判準。持中觀應成見的格魯派以二轉法輪為最了義,持他空見的覺囊派攝第三轉為如來藏,判為最了義。 3. * 《華嚴經探玄記》記載智光論師《般若燈論釋》中引《蘇若那摩訶衍經》說:初鹿園,為諸小根說小乘法;第二時,為彼中根說法相大乘(瑜伽行教),明境空心有唯識道理;於第三時為上根說無相大乘(中觀),辯心境俱空平等一味,為真了義。 4. * 《究竟一乘寶性論》引用《陀羅尼自在王經》認為,釋迦牟尼先說「無常、苦、無我、不淨」等聲聞法,次說「空、無相、無願」(三三昧)等大乘空相應教,再說「不退轉輪語」,令眾生依自性清淨如來藏入佛境界。 5. * 《法華遊意》中,吉藏引用《法華經》立根本、枝末、攝末歸本三法輪,認為釋迦牟尼初成道時,屬根本法輪,為菩薩說《華嚴》一因一果法門。福薄鈍根者不堪聞華嚴一乘教,故於四十餘年中別說三乘,此即枝末之教。待機緣已熟,又為彼等三乘之人說《法華》《涅槃》,使其攝歸佛乘,為攝末歸本教。視各經在教化功用上為彼此互補。 (zh)
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