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The Seekers, also called The Brotherhood of the Seven Rays, were a group of rapturists or a UFO religion in mid-twentieth century Midwestern United States. The Seekers met in a nondenominational church, the group originally organized in 1953 by Charles Laughead, a staff member at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan. They were led by Dorothy Martin from the Chicago area (also called Sister Thedra), who believed a UFO would save them from a catastrophe on December 21, 1954. They are believed to be the earliest UFO religion, and were the subject of the book When Prophecy Fails by Leon Festinger, in which Laughead was given the pseudonym Dr. Armstrong and Martin the name Marian Keech.

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  • The Brotherhood of the Seven Rays (pt)
  • The Seekers (rapturists) (en)
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  • The Seekers, also called The Brotherhood of the Seven Rays, were a group of rapturists or a UFO religion in mid-twentieth century Midwestern United States. The Seekers met in a nondenominational church, the group originally organized in 1953 by Charles Laughead, a staff member at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan. They were led by Dorothy Martin from the Chicago area (also called Sister Thedra), who believed a UFO would save them from a catastrophe on December 21, 1954. They are believed to be the earliest UFO religion, and were the subject of the book When Prophecy Fails by Leon Festinger, in which Laughead was given the pseudonym Dr. Armstrong and Martin the name Marian Keech. (en)
  • The Brotherhood of the Seven Rays (em português, algo como "A Irmandade dos Sete Raios"), mais conhecidos por The Seekers (em português, "Os Buscadores"), foram um grupo de arrebatadores ou Religião OVNI formada em meados do Século XX no Centro-Oeste dos Estados Unidos. Acredita-se que eles sejam a primeira Religião OVNI a existir. A discrepância entre aquilo em que acreditavam e a realidade transformou-se na base para que Festinger e seus colegas elaborassem a Teoria da Dissonância Cognitiva. (pt)
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  • The Seekers, also called The Brotherhood of the Seven Rays, were a group of rapturists or a UFO religion in mid-twentieth century Midwestern United States. The Seekers met in a nondenominational church, the group originally organized in 1953 by Charles Laughead, a staff member at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan. They were led by Dorothy Martin from the Chicago area (also called Sister Thedra), who believed a UFO would save them from a catastrophe on December 21, 1954. They are believed to be the earliest UFO religion, and were the subject of the book When Prophecy Fails by Leon Festinger, in which Laughead was given the pseudonym Dr. Armstrong and Martin the name Marian Keech. Festinger infiltrated the Seekers with the goal of studying their cognitive reactions and coping mechanisms when their beliefs failed, a thought-process which Festinger named cognitive dissonance. When the UFO did not come, a majority of the members became convinced that the UFO would arrive on Christmas Eve, at which time their second disappointment produced even greater dissonance. In the book, Festinger and his colleagues write, "The experiences of this observer well characterize the state of affairs following the Christmas caroling episode—a persistent, frustrating search for orders." After this incident, many of the members returned home and abandoned their initial belief. Those who did not claimed that their group's belief and faith had saved the world from the disaster the aliens had warned of. From this study, Festinger and his colleagues developed the Cognitive Dissonance Theory. Cognitive dissonance results when two cognitions contradict each other, creating psychological discomfort. There are four main principles on which cognitive dissonance is based. The most important is whether any two cognitions are relevant or not. If they are relevant, then they are either dissonant or consonant – if dissonant, psychological discomfort arises. People are ultimately motivated to diffuse this arousal. There are a few ways to reduce dissonance. One can change one's behavior to bring it in line with dissonant cognitions. Alternatively, one can change the dissonant cognition. One can also add new consonant cognitions, or subtract dissonant cognitions, thus either reducing the perception of choice or the importance of the conflict. In The Seekers, members changed their dissonant cognition the first time the UFO didn't come, and reduced the importance of the conflict by going home the second time. (en)
  • The Brotherhood of the Seven Rays (em português, algo como "A Irmandade dos Sete Raios"), mais conhecidos por The Seekers (em português, "Os Buscadores"), foram um grupo de arrebatadores ou Religião OVNI formada em meados do Século XX no Centro-Oeste dos Estados Unidos. Acredita-se que eles sejam a primeira Religião OVNI a existir. Originalmente organizado em 1953 por Charles Laughead, eles foram liderados por Dorothy Martin (também chamada Irmã Thedra), que alegava ter recebido uma mensagem do planeta Clarion de que um disco voador viria buscar o grupo antes de uma gigantesca inundação prevista para acontecer antes do amanhecer do dia 21 de dezembro de 1954. O grupo se tornou notório após terem sido alvos de estudo do psicólogo estadunidense Leon Festinger. Festinger e seus colegas leram uma nota num jornal local intitulada "Prophecy from planet clarion call to city: flee that flood", onde um grupo de pessoas dizia que uma tempestade de proporções catastróficas destruiria o Planeta Terra. Festinger e seus colegas viram nesse fato algo que levaria o tal grupo a sentimentos dissonantes/divergentes quando a profecia falhasse. Fingindo ser adepto da seita, Festinger e membros de sua equipe de pesquisadores conseguiram se infiltrar no grupo, e registrar seus estudos no livro "When Prophecy Fails: A Social and Psychological Study of a Modern Group That Predicted the Destruction of the World". Leon Festinger se infiltrou nos Seekers com o objetivo de estudar suas cognições e reações quando suas crenças falham, daí o nome de seu livro "When Prophecy Fails". Ele se concentrou neles principalmente para estudar um processo de pensamento conhecido como dissonância cognitiva. Festinger e seus colegas essencialmente objetivavam estudar as reações de membros do culto e mecanismos de enfrentamento quando o OVNI de fato não aparecesse para pegá-los em 21 de dezembro de 1954. Quando a profecia revelou-se falsa, o grupo não abandonou suas crenças e, em vez disso, buscou explicações para a sua não-realização, apegando-se mais ainda às suas ideias. A "saída cogitiva" encontrada pela líder do grupo foi dizer que, em uma espécie de psicografia, uma mensagem afirmava que o pequeno grupo ali reunido tinha emitido tanta luz que o Deus da Terra decidira salvar o mundo da eminente destruição. A discrepância entre aquilo em que acreditavam e a realidade transformou-se na base para que Festinger e seus colegas elaborassem a Teoria da Dissonância Cognitiva. (pt)
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