| rdfs:comment
| - الانقباض التكززي (بالإنجليزية: Tetanic contraction) (من الكزاز) هو تشنج يُصيب العضلات عندما يتم تحفيزها بشكل متلاحق، بحيث ينتج عن تكرار التحفيز انقباض متواصل للألياف العضلية، يحدث التكزز في العضلات الهيكلية بسبب قِصر فترة الحِران فيها، مما يسمح بالتحفيز المتكرر. (ar)
- Der Begriff Tetanus (aus altgriechisch τέτανος (tetanos) = Spannung, Krampf; auch tetanische Kontraktion oder Elektrotonus) bezeichnet in der Physiologie die durch elektrischen Strom bewirkte Form des Muskelkrampfes. Dabei unterscheidet man den unvollständigen vom vollständigen bzw. glatten Tetanus. (de)
- En fiziologio, tetano estas la stato de daŭra kontrahiĝo de muskoloj. (eo)
- 強縮（きょうしゅく、英:tetanus, tetanic contraction, tetany）とは反復刺激によりが連続して発生する現象。刺激と刺激の間に弛緩が生じないものを完全強縮、不完全ではあるが弛緩が生じるものを不完全強縮と呼ぶ。前の単収縮が終わらない間に次の刺激が加えられると2つの単収縮が重なり、単収縮よりも張力が強くなる。これを収縮の加重と呼ぶ。 (ja)
- La contrazione tetanica si ha quando il tessuto muscolare, parte di un'unità motoria, viene stimolato al massimo dai suoi motoneuroni. Ciò accade quando più impulsi elettrici semplici si succedono lungo il nervo in rapida sequenza portando ad un effetto di sommazione e conseguentemente alla massima contrazione delle fibre muscolari. Si verifica spesso durante la stimolazione tetanica dell'unità motoria, in genere muscolo o nervo. Può anche verificarsi come parte di una reazione extrapiramidale in una reazione avversa ai farmaci, dovuta a qualche farmaco antipsicotico tipico. (it)
- A tetanic contraction (also called tetanized state, tetanus, or physiologic tetanus, the latter to differentiate from the disease called tetanus) is a sustained muscle contraction evoked when the motor nerve that innervates a skeletal muscle emits action potentials at a very high rate. During this state, a motor unit has been maximally stimulated by its motor neuron and remains that way for some time. This occurs when a muscle's motor unit is stimulated by multiple impulses at a sufficiently high frequency. Each stimulus causes a twitch. If stimuli are delivered slowly enough, the tension in the muscle will relax between successive twitches. If stimuli are delivered at high frequency, the twitches will overlap, resulting in tetanic contraction. A tetanic contraction can be either unfused ( (en)
- Тетанус, тетаническое мышечное сокращение (др.-греч. τέτανος — оцепенение, судорога) — состояние длительного сокращения, непрерывного напряжения мышцы, возникающее при поступлении к ней через мотонейрон нервных импульсов с высокой частотой. При этом расслабления между последовательными одиночными сокращениями не происходит, и возникает их суммация, приводящая к стойкому максимальному сокращению мышцы. (ru)
- Uma contração tetânica (estado tetânico ou tétano) ocorre quando uma unidade motora é estimulada ao máximo pelo seu moto-neurónio. Isto acontece quando essa unidade motora é estimulada por múltiplos impulsos com frequência suficientemente alta. Cada estímulo causa uma contração. Se o tempo entre cada estímulo for suficientemente grande (estimulação lenta), a tensão do músculo relaxará entre os sucessivos estímulos. Se estes ocorrerem com elevada frequência as contrações vão-se sobrepor, resultando na contração tetânica. Quando tetanizada, a tensão de contração do músculo permanece constante. Esta é a contração máxima possível. Durante a tetania alcança-se o maior grau de catabolismo. (pt)
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| has abstract
| - الانقباض التكززي (بالإنجليزية: Tetanic contraction) (من الكزاز) هو تشنج يُصيب العضلات عندما يتم تحفيزها بشكل متلاحق، بحيث ينتج عن تكرار التحفيز انقباض متواصل للألياف العضلية، يحدث التكزز في العضلات الهيكلية بسبب قِصر فترة الحِران فيها، مما يسمح بالتحفيز المتكرر. (ar)
- Der Begriff Tetanus (aus altgriechisch τέτανος (tetanos) = Spannung, Krampf; auch tetanische Kontraktion oder Elektrotonus) bezeichnet in der Physiologie die durch elektrischen Strom bewirkte Form des Muskelkrampfes. Dabei unterscheidet man den unvollständigen vom vollständigen bzw. glatten Tetanus. (de)
- En fiziologio, tetano estas la stato de daŭra kontrahiĝo de muskoloj. (eo)
- A tetanic contraction (also called tetanized state, tetanus, or physiologic tetanus, the latter to differentiate from the disease called tetanus) is a sustained muscle contraction evoked when the motor nerve that innervates a skeletal muscle emits action potentials at a very high rate. During this state, a motor unit has been maximally stimulated by its motor neuron and remains that way for some time. This occurs when a muscle's motor unit is stimulated by multiple impulses at a sufficiently high frequency. Each stimulus causes a twitch. If stimuli are delivered slowly enough, the tension in the muscle will relax between successive twitches. If stimuli are delivered at high frequency, the twitches will overlap, resulting in tetanic contraction. A tetanic contraction can be either unfused (incomplete) or fused (complete). An unfused tetanus is when the muscle fibers do not completely relax before the next stimulus because they are being stimulated at a fast rate; however there is a partial relaxation of the muscle fibers between the twitches. Fused tetanus is when there is no relaxation of the muscle fibers between stimuli and it occurs during a high rate of stimulation. A fused tetanic contraction is the strongest single-unit twitch in contraction. When tetanized, the contracting tension in the muscle remains constant in a steady state. This is the maximal possible contraction. During tetanic contractions, muscles can shorten, lengthen or remain constant length. Tetanic contraction is usually normal (such as when holding up a heavy box). Muscles often exhibit some level of tetanic activity, leading to muscle tone, in order to maintain posture; for example, in a crouching position, some muscles require sustained contraction to hold the position. Tetanic contraction can exist in a variety of states, including isotonic and isometric forms—for example, lifting a heavy box off the floor is isotonic, but holding it at the elevated position is isometric. Isotonic contractions place muscles in a constant tension but the muscle length changes, while isometric contractions hold a constant muscle length. Voluntary sustained contraction is a normal (physiologic) process (as in the crouching or box-holding examples), but involuntary sustained contraction exists on a spectrum from physiologic to disordered (pathologic). Muscle tone is a healthy form of involuntary sustained partial contraction. In comparison with tetanic contraction in an isometric state (such as holding up a heavy box for several minutes), it differs only in the percentage of motor units participating at any moment and the frequency of neural signals; but the low percentage and low frequency in healthy tone are the key factors defining it as healthy (and not tetanic). Involuntary sustained contraction of a hypertonic type, however, is a pathologic process. On the mild part of the spectrum, cramps, spasms, and even tetany are often temporary and nonsevere. On the moderate to severe parts of the spectrum are dystonia, trismus, pathologic tetanus, and other movement disorders featuring involuntary sustained strong contractions of skeletal muscle. (en)
- 強縮（きょうしゅく、英:tetanus, tetanic contraction, tetany）とは反復刺激によりが連続して発生する現象。刺激と刺激の間に弛緩が生じないものを完全強縮、不完全ではあるが弛緩が生じるものを不完全強縮と呼ぶ。前の単収縮が終わらない間に次の刺激が加えられると2つの単収縮が重なり、単収縮よりも張力が強くなる。これを収縮の加重と呼ぶ。 (ja)
- La contrazione tetanica si ha quando il tessuto muscolare, parte di un'unità motoria, viene stimolato al massimo dai suoi motoneuroni. Ciò accade quando più impulsi elettrici semplici si succedono lungo il nervo in rapida sequenza portando ad un effetto di sommazione e conseguentemente alla massima contrazione delle fibre muscolari. Si verifica spesso durante la stimolazione tetanica dell'unità motoria, in genere muscolo o nervo. Può anche verificarsi come parte di una reazione extrapiramidale in una reazione avversa ai farmaci, dovuta a qualche farmaco antipsicotico tipico. (it)
- Uma contração tetânica (estado tetânico ou tétano) ocorre quando uma unidade motora é estimulada ao máximo pelo seu moto-neurónio. Isto acontece quando essa unidade motora é estimulada por múltiplos impulsos com frequência suficientemente alta. Cada estímulo causa uma contração. Se o tempo entre cada estímulo for suficientemente grande (estimulação lenta), a tensão do músculo relaxará entre os sucessivos estímulos. Se estes ocorrerem com elevada frequência as contrações vão-se sobrepor, resultando na contração tetânica. Quando tetanizada, a tensão de contração do músculo permanece constante. Esta é a contração máxima possível. Durante a tetania alcança-se o maior grau de catabolismo. Causas: a tetania pode ser causada por toxinas, drogas, hipocalcemia, estimulação elétrica (elétrodos em contacto com a pele para melhorar o tone muscular) ou doenças (tétano). (pt)
- Тетанус, тетаническое мышечное сокращение (др.-греч. τέτανος — оцепенение, судорога) — состояние длительного сокращения, непрерывного напряжения мышцы, возникающее при поступлении к ней через мотонейрон нервных импульсов с высокой частотой. При этом расслабления между последовательными одиночными сокращениями не происходит, и возникает их суммация, приводящая к стойкому максимальному сокращению мышцы. Различают зубчатый и гладкий тетанус. При зубчатом тетанусе каждый последующий нервный импульс воздействует на начавшую расслабляться мышцу, при этом происходит неполная суммация сокращений. При гладком тетанусе, имеющем бо́льшую амплитуду, воздействие импульса происходит в конце периода укорочения, что приводит к полной суммации сокращений. В отличие от скелетных мышц, в миокарде из-за периода рефрактерности невозможно развитие тетануса, который мог бы привести к нарушению сокращения и остановке сердца. Благодаря этому сохраняется резерв времени, необходимый для расслабления камер сердца и наполнения их кровью. (ru)
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