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| - Siege of Jerusalem is the title commonly given to an anonymous Middle English epic poem created in the second half of the 14th century (possibly ca. 1370-1390). The poem is composed in the alliterative manner popular in medieval English poetry, especially during the period known as the "alliterative revival", and is known from nine surviving manuscripts, an uncommonly high number for works of this time. (en)
- «Оса́да Иерусали́ма» — условное название анонимной поэмы на среднеанглийском языке, созданной во второй половине XIV века (около 1370—1380 гг.). Поэма составлена в манере аллитерации, популярной в средневековой английской поэзии, в особенности в период «аллитеративного возрождения», от которого сохранилось 9 рукописей — необычайно высокое число для того времени. (ru)
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| has abstract
| - Siege of Jerusalem is the title commonly given to an anonymous Middle English epic poem created in the second half of the 14th century (possibly ca. 1370-1390). The poem is composed in the alliterative manner popular in medieval English poetry, especially during the period known as the "alliterative revival", and is known from nine surviving manuscripts, an uncommonly high number for works of this time. The siege described in the poem is that of 70 AD. The poem relies on a number of secondary sources—including Vindicta salvatoris, 's Bible en François, Ranulf Higdon's Polychronicon, and the Destruction of Troy—and on Josephus’ The Jewish War, which was itself a source for the Polychronicon. The destruction of Jerusalem is ahistorically portrayed as divinely ordained vengeance by the Romans Vespasian and Titus for the death of Jesus Christ. The poem also describes the tumultuous succession of emperors in Rome in the late 60s, when rulers Nero, Galba, Otho and Vitellius met violent deaths. Although technically excellent and linguistically interesting, the poem has rarely been presented to students of Middle English verse because of its sadistic indulgence in gory details and extreme anti-Semitic sentiment. This latter aspect of the poem raises important questions regarding the cultural milieu in which it was repeatedly copied and presumably read. Many modern critics have treated the poem with near-contempt due to its excessive descriptions of violence, such as the horrible execution of the Jewish high priests or the cannibalism of her own child by a Jewish woman in the besieged city. Other critics have pointed out that the anonymous poet does not flinch from the horrors of war and does not preach violence against contemporary Jews. However, some have argued that the violence against the Jews was not intended to be against the Jews specifically or taken to be commentary on Judaism; any other religious group might as well have been used to the same ends. Identifying the Jews, by such logic, would have been a way of indicating otherness, their role serving as a placeholder for a group different than the initial aggressor. If so, then the violence enacted upon or attributed to them, being at times so unnecessarily graphic and cruel, would have come across, even to an audience at the time so taken with reading about violence, as so unjustified (regardless as to whom it was for or against) as to create pause and encourage reflection on the atrocities committed by the invading Romans. (en)
- «Оса́да Иерусали́ма» — условное название анонимной поэмы на среднеанглийском языке, созданной во второй половине XIV века (около 1370—1380 гг.). Поэма составлена в манере аллитерации, популярной в средневековой английской поэзии, в особенности в период «аллитеративного возрождения», от которого сохранилось 9 рукописей — необычайно высокое число для того времени. Осада, о которой идёт речь в поэме, имела место в 70 году н. э. Поэма описывает падение Иерусалима как заслуженное возмездие евреям за смерть Иисуса Христа, хотя бы даже и совершённое руками варваров-римлян. Также поэма описывает драматическую борьбу за императорский престол в древнем Риме. По причинам политкорректности поэма малоизвестна среди современных британских студентов в связи с тем, что главные герои испытывают злорадство от массового избиения евреев, причём применяются самые садистские методы казни. Данные мотивы, по-видимому, отражают общественные настроения того времени. (ru)
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