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The Prussian three-class franchise (German: Preußisches Dreiklassenwahlrecht) was an indirect electoral system used from 1848 until 1918 in the Kingdom of Prussia and for shorter periods in other German states. Voters were grouped by district into three classes, with the total tax payments in each class equal. Those who paid the most in taxes formed the first class, followed by the next highest in the second, with those who paid the least in the third. Voters in each class separately elected one third of the electors who in turn voted for the representatives. Voting was not secret. The franchise was a form of apportionment by economic class rather than geographic area or population.

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  • الإمتياز البروسي من ثلاث درجات (ar)
  • Dreiklassenwahlrecht (de)
  • Sistema de las tres clases (es)
  • Système des trois classes (fr)
  • Sistema elettorale delle tre classi (it)
  • Prussian three-class franchise (en)
  • Drieklassenkiesrecht (nl)
  • Sistema das três classes (Prússia) (pt)
  • 普魯士三級選舉制度 (zh)
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  • نظام الامتياز من ثلاث درجات (بالألمانية: Dreiklassenwahlrecht)‏ كان نظامًا انتخابيًا غير مباشر تم استخدامه من عام 1848 إلى عام 1918 في مملكة بروسيا، ولمدد أقصر في ولايات ألمانية أخرى. تم تجميع الناخبين في ثلاث فئات مثل أن أولئك الذين دفعوا معظم الضرائب شكلوا الفئة الأولى، وأولئك الذين دفعوا الأقل شكلوا الطبقة الثالثة، وكان إجمالي الإيرادات الضريبية لكل فئة متساويًا. انتخب الناخبون في كل فئة على حدة ثلث الناخبين ( Wahlmänner ) الذين صوتوا بدورهم للممثلين. وهكذا كان شكلاً من أشكال التوزيع حسب الطبقة الاقتصادية بدلاً من المنطقة الجغرافية أو السكان. (ar)
  • Le système des trois classes (en allemand Dreiklassenwahlrecht) était un système de vote adopté en 1849 par le roi Frédéric-Guillaume IV de Prusse pour l’élection de la Chambre des représentants de Prusse. Le scrutin était inégal, public et indirect. Il fut utilisé dans le royaume de Saxe jusqu’en 1909 et dans le royaume de Prusse, le duché de Brunswick et la principauté de Waldeck jusqu’en 1918, quand il fut remplacé par un système égal, secret et direct. Il fut également utilisé dans certaines parties de la Prusse pour les élections locales. (fr)
  • Il sistema elettorale delle tre classi fu usato dal 1850 nella Camera dei rappresentanti del Regno di Prussia. Secondo la dell'epoca, gli elettori erano divisi in tre classi censitarie. La classe più bassa, la terza, rappresentava la massa popolare (80 percento della popolazione) ed eleggeva un terzo dei deputati. La seconda classe eleggeva anch'essa un terzo dei deputati, ma rappresentava solo il 12 percento degli elettori. Infine la prima classe, rappresentava circa il 5 percento degli elettori, i più ricchi. Questo sistema garantiva la presenza di molti aristocratici conservatori nella Camera, che garantivano il benessere dei grandi proprietari terrieri loro elettori. (it)
  • 三級選舉制度(德語:Dreiklassenwahlrecht)是普魯士王國於1848年至1918年間使用的間接選舉系統,在德國的其他邦採用時間較短。該制度将選民分為三级,即納稅最多的人構成第一级,納稅最少的人構成第三级,每一级的稅收總額相等。每级的选民分别选举三分之一的选举人(Wahlmänner),而选举人来选举代表。这是按经济收入而不是地理区域或人口种族对选举进行分配的一种制度。因为贫富差距,前两级的人数远远少于第三级。如在1849年,第一等级的人口占比4.7%,第二等级为12.7%,第三等级为82.6%,这意味着第一等级的个体对选举结果的影响是第三等级个体的17.5倍。 * Speech in Favor of Reforming the Prussian Suffrage (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), in the , 26 November 1873. (zh)
  • Das Dreiklassenwahlrecht ist ein historisches Wahlrecht (Wahlsystem), das in verschiedenen Ländern bestand. In der deutschen Geschichte ist vor allem die Situation im Königreich Preußen von Belang, wo die Abgeordneten des Abgeordnetenhauses von 1849 bis zum Ende der Monarchie 1918 nach dem Dreiklassenwahlrecht gewählt wurden. Das Abgeordnetenhaus war die zweite Kammer des Preußischen Landtages. Auch auf Gemeindeebene wurden die Stadtverordneten der preußischen Städte und Gemeinden gemäß der Preußischen Gemeindeordnung nach dem Dreiklassenwahlrecht gewählt. Nach jahrzehntelangen Kontroversen wurde das preußische Dreiklassenwahlrecht in der Novemberrevolution abgeschafft. (de)
  • The Prussian three-class franchise (German: Preußisches Dreiklassenwahlrecht) was an indirect electoral system used from 1848 until 1918 in the Kingdom of Prussia and for shorter periods in other German states. Voters were grouped by district into three classes, with the total tax payments in each class equal. Those who paid the most in taxes formed the first class, followed by the next highest in the second, with those who paid the least in the third. Voters in each class separately elected one third of the electors who in turn voted for the representatives. Voting was not secret. The franchise was a form of apportionment by economic class rather than geographic area or population. (en)
  • Het drieklassenkiesrecht (Duits: Dreiklassenwahlrecht) was een kiessysteem dat door koning Frederik Willem IV van Pruisen in 1849 was ingesteld om de tweede kamer van de Pruisische Landdag te kiezen. Het bleef in stand tot de afschaffing van de Pruisische monarchie in 1918. Buiten Pruisen was het systeem ook in gebruik in Brunswijk, Waldeck-Pyrmont en tot 1909 in Saksen. (nl)
  • O sistema das três classes prussiana (alemão: Preußisches Dreiklassenwahlrecht) foi um sistema eleitoral indireto usado de 1848 a 1918 no Reino da Prússia e por períodos mais curtos em outros estados alemães. Os eleitores foram agrupados por distrito em três classes, com o total de pagamentos de impostos em cada classe igual. Os que mais pagavam em impostos formavam a primeira classe, seguidos pela segunda mais alta na segunda, com os que menos pagavam na terceira. Os eleitores de cada classe elegeram separadamente um terço dos eleitores que, por sua vez, votaram nos representantes. A votação não era secreta. A franquia era uma forma de rateio por classe econômica e não por área geográfica ou população.Os membros da Câmara dos Representantes da Prússia foram eleitos de acordo com a lei ele (pt)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Provinces_of_Prussia_(1914).svg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Berlin_Abgeordnetenhaus_1900.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Berlin_Herrenhaus_1900.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johannes_von_Miquel.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Theobald_von_Bethmann_Hollweg(cropped).jpg
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