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Proto-Tocharian, also spelled Proto-Tokharian (/təˈkɛəriən/ or /təˈkɑːriən/), is the reconstructed proto-language of the extinct Tocharian branch of the Indo-European languages. Proto-Tocharian is the unattested reconstructed ancestor of an Indo-European eponymous extinct branch, known from manuscripts dating from the 5th to the 8th century AD, which were on the northern edge of the Tarim Basin and the Lop Desert. The discovery of this language family in the early 20th century contradicted the formerly prevalent idea of an east–west division of the Indo-European language family on the centum–satem isogloss, and prompted reinvigorated study of the family.

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  • Bahasa Proto-Tokharia (in)
  • Proto-Tocharian language (en)
  • 原始吐火罗语 (zh)
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  • 原始吐火罗语是构拟的已灭绝的印欧语系吐火罗语族的祖语。 原始吐火罗语是印欧语系一个已灭绝分支的祖语,这些语言在公元5至8世纪间被记录在手稿上,分布在塔里木盆地北缘和罗布泊。这个语族在20世纪早期被发现后,常常用来反驳印欧语系基于腭-咝音同言线的东西分类,并给印欧学研究注入了新的活力。 已出土的文本记录了两种有亲缘关系的语言,是甲吐火罗语(东吐火罗语/吐鲁番语/焉耆语)和乙吐火罗语(西吐火罗语/龟兹语)。文本的题材说明焉耆语更古典,是用于佛教的宗教性语言,而龟兹语则分布在东起吐鲁番,西至图木舒克市的整片区域。罗布泊盆地一份包含俗语(Prakrit)借词和名称的文献被认为是丙吐火罗语(楼兰语)。有人宣称发现了10份以佉卢文书写的丙吐火罗语文本,但现在已被证伪。 焉耆语和龟兹语是原始吐火罗语最主要的两支后代,无法互通,这驱使语言学家设想原始吐火罗语的分裂可能在好几千年前。 (zh)
  • Proto-Tocharian, also spelled Proto-Tokharian (/təˈkɛəriən/ or /təˈkɑːriən/), is the reconstructed proto-language of the extinct Tocharian branch of the Indo-European languages. Proto-Tocharian is the unattested reconstructed ancestor of an Indo-European eponymous extinct branch, known from manuscripts dating from the 5th to the 8th century AD, which were on the northern edge of the Tarim Basin and the Lop Desert. The discovery of this language family in the early 20th century contradicted the formerly prevalent idea of an east–west division of the Indo-European language family on the centum–satem isogloss, and prompted reinvigorated study of the family. (en)
  • Bahasa Proto-Tokharia adalah rekonstruksi bahasa induk dari bahasa Tokharia yang telah punah. Bahasa Proto-Tokharia direkonstruksi berdasarkan bukti-bukti naskah yang kemudian disebut sebagai bahasa Tokharia, kemungkinan ditulis pada abad ke-5 hingga ke-8 M, yang ditemukan di bagian utara Cekungan Tarim dan Gurun Lop. Penemuan bahasa tersebut pada awal abad abad ke-20 bertentangan dengan gagasan yang sebelumnya lazim tentang pembagian timur–barat rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa berdasarkan inovasi fonologis fonem "k" dan "s", sehingga teori-teori Indo-Eropa sebelumnya banyak yang menjadi usang. (in)
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  • Proto-Tocharian (en)
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