The Northern Utina, also known as the Timucua or simply Utina, were a Timucua people of northern Florida. They lived north of the Santa Fe River and east of the Suwannee River, and spoke a dialect of the Timucua language known as "Timucua proper". They appear to have been closely associated with the Yustaga people, who lived on the other side of the Suwannee. The Northern Utina represented one of the most powerful tribal units in the region in the 16th and 17th centuries, and may have been organized as a loose chiefdom or confederation of smaller chiefdoms. The Fig Springs archaeological site may be the remains of their principal village, Ayacuto, and the later Spanish mission of San Martín de Timucua.
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| - Utina septentrional (ca)
- Northern Utina (en)
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| - Els utina septentrional, també coneguts com a timucua o simplement utina, foren un poble timucua del nord de Florida. Vivien al nord del i a l'est del , i parlava un dialecte de la llengua timucua coneguda com a "timucua propi". Semblen haver estat estretament associats amb els yustaga que vivien a l'altra banda del Suwanee. Els Utina septentrionals van representar una de les més poderoses unitats tribals a la regió en els segles xvi i xvii, i podria haver estat organitzat com un cacicat o confederació de cacicats més petits. El podria ser les restes del seu llogaret principal, i la posterior missió espanyola de . (ca)
- The Northern Utina, also known as the Timucua or simply Utina, were a Timucua people of northern Florida. They lived north of the Santa Fe River and east of the Suwannee River, and spoke a dialect of the Timucua language known as "Timucua proper". They appear to have been closely associated with the Yustaga people, who lived on the other side of the Suwannee. The Northern Utina represented one of the most powerful tribal units in the region in the 16th and 17th centuries, and may have been organized as a loose chiefdom or confederation of smaller chiefdoms. The Fig Springs archaeological site may be the remains of their principal village, Ayacuto, and the later Spanish mission of San Martín de Timucua. (en)
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| - Northern Florida east of the Suwannee River (en)
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| - Timucua language, Timucua proper dialect (en)
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| - Els utina septentrional, també coneguts com a timucua o simplement utina, foren un poble timucua del nord de Florida. Vivien al nord del i a l'est del , i parlava un dialecte de la llengua timucua coneguda com a "timucua propi". Semblen haver estat estretament associats amb els yustaga que vivien a l'altra banda del Suwanee. Els Utina septentrionals van representar una de les més poderoses unitats tribals a la regió en els segles xvi i xvii, i podria haver estat organitzat com un cacicat o confederació de cacicats més petits. El podria ser les restes del seu llogaret principal, i la posterior missió espanyola de . Els utina septentrionals van tenir contacte esporàdic amb els europeus a partir de la primera meitat del segle xvi. En 1539 el conqueridor espanyol Hernando de Soto passà a través del seu territori, on va capturar i posteriorment executar Aguacaleycuen, qui podria haver estat el cap principal de l'època. Fonts franceses posteriors assenyalen un cap poderós de la zona anomenat Onatheaqua, que podria haver estat un successor d'Aguacaleycuen. Després de diverses dècades de resistència els Utina septentrionals es van convertir en part de la sistema de missions espanyoles a la Florida en 1597. El seu territori es va organitzar com a , i San Martín de Timucua i tres missions es van establir entre 1608 i 1616. El perfil d'Utina septentrional va augmentar considerablement conforme petites províncies perifèriques eren incorporades a la Província Timucua, que finalment va incloure tot el nord de Florida, entre el i el . Tanmateix la tribu va experimentar una significativa disminució demogràfica durant el mateix període, a causa de la malaltia i altres factors. Van prendre l'avantguarda en el rebel·lió timucua de 1665. Va ser sufocada pels espanyols, que va arrasar els seus llogarets i van traslladar la població a una sèrie de noves comunitats al llarg del Camino real que discorre entre la i San Agustín. En aquesta posició reduïda els Utina septentrionals es van trobar impotents en gran manera davant les incursions de tribus del nord aliades amb els colons anglesos i els creek i Yamasee, i van patir més d'epidèmies. Amb el temps es van acostar a San Agustín i es van barrejar amb altres grups timucua, perdent la seva identitat independent. (ca)
- The Northern Utina, also known as the Timucua or simply Utina, were a Timucua people of northern Florida. They lived north of the Santa Fe River and east of the Suwannee River, and spoke a dialect of the Timucua language known as "Timucua proper". They appear to have been closely associated with the Yustaga people, who lived on the other side of the Suwannee. The Northern Utina represented one of the most powerful tribal units in the region in the 16th and 17th centuries, and may have been organized as a loose chiefdom or confederation of smaller chiefdoms. The Fig Springs archaeological site may be the remains of their principal village, Ayacuto, and the later Spanish mission of San Martín de Timucua. The Northern Utina had sporadic contact with the Europeans beginning in the first half of the 16th century. In 1539 Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto passed through the Northern Utina region, where he captured and subsequently executed Aguacaleycuen, who may have been the principal chief at the time. Later French sources note a powerful chief in the area named Onatheaqua, who may have been a successor to Aguacaleycuen. After several decades of resistance the Northern Utina became part of the Spanish mission system in Florida in 1597. Their territory was organized as the Timucua Province, and San Martín de Timucua and three other missions were established between 1608 and 1616. The profile of the Northern Utina increased considerably as smaller peripheral provinces were incorporated into the Timucua Province, which eventually included all of northern Florida between approximately the Aucilla and St. Johns Rivers. However, the tribe experienced significant demographic decline during the same period due to disease and other factors. They took the forefront in the Timucua Rebellion of 1665. This was put down by the Spanish, who razed their villages and relocated the populace to a series of new communities along the Camino Real or Royal Road running between the Apalachee Province and St. Augustine. In this reduced position the Northern Utina were largely powerless against raids by northern tribes allied with the English settlers such as the Creek and Yamasee, and suffered further from epidemics. They eventually moved closer to St. Augustine and mingled with other Timucua groups, losing their independent identity. (en)
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