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The nature fakers controversy was an early 20th-century American literary debate highlighting the conflict between science and sentiment in popular nature writing. The debate involved important American literary, environmental and political figures. Dubbed the "War of the Naturalists" by The New York Times, it revealed seemingly irreconcilable contemporary views of the natural world: while some nature writers of the day argued as to the veracity of their examples of anthropomorphic wild animals, others questioned an animal's ability to adapt, learn, teach, and reason.

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  • Kontroversi penentu alam (in)
  • Nature fakers controversy (en)
  • 自然骗徒之争 (zh)
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  • The nature fakers controversy was an early 20th-century American literary debate highlighting the conflict between science and sentiment in popular nature writing. The debate involved important American literary, environmental and political figures. Dubbed the "War of the Naturalists" by The New York Times, it revealed seemingly irreconcilable contemporary views of the natural world: while some nature writers of the day argued as to the veracity of their examples of anthropomorphic wild animals, others questioned an animal's ability to adapt, learn, teach, and reason. (en)
  • Kontroversi penentu alam adalah debat sastra Amerika awal abad ke-20 yang menyoroti konflik antara sains dan sentimen dalam populer. Topik penting yang terkait di dalam perdebatan adalah antara tokoh sastra Amerika, lingkungan dan politik. Dijuluki "Perang para Naturalis" oleh koran The New York Times, koran ini mengungkapkan pandangan kontemporer yang tampaknya tidak dapat didamaikan dengan dunia alam: sementara beberapa penulis alam pada masa itu memperdebatkan kebenaran dari contoh-contoh mereka tentang binatang liar antropomorfik , yang lain mempertanyakan kemampuan binatang untuk beradaptasi, belajar, mengajar, dan bernalar. (in)
  • 自然骗徒之争(nature fakers controversy)是20世纪初期兴起的一场美国文学辩论,着重强调了盛行于文学界的中科学理性与科普感性之间的冲突。辩论涉及美国文学、环境和政治界的重要人物。《纽约时报》称之为“博物学家之战” 。这场辩论反映了当代人类对自然世界看似不可调和的观点:当时的自然作家意见不一,其中一些主张他们的野生动物拟人化实例具有真实性,另一些则质疑动物是否具有适应、学习、教导和推理的能力。 对这场辩论的持续宣传使得人们逐渐怀疑当时流行的自然写作的真实性,而科学家与作家之间的关系也常常是剑拔弩张。当总统西奥多·罗斯福 (Theodore Roosevelt) 公开表示支持巴勒斯,并在1970年9月(Everybody's Magazine) 上发表其文章《自然骗徒》(Nature Fakers) 时,这场争论实际上就宣告结束了。罗斯福推广了否定口语表达,正是因为它的推广人们后来才了解到自然骗徒是指那些刻意虚构自然故事细节的人。后来该术语的定义得以扩充,包含那些过度感性描绘自然的人。 (zh)
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