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Madiao (simplified Chinese: 马吊; traditional Chinese: 馬弔; pinyin: mǎdiào), also ma diao, ma tiu or ma tiao, is a late imperial Chinese trick-taking gambling card game, also known as the game of paper tiger. The deck used was recorded by Lu Rong in the 15th century and the rules later by Pan Zhiheng and Feng Menglong during the early 17th century. Korean poet Jang Hon (1759-1828) wrote that the game dates back to the Yuan dynasty (1271-1368). It continued to be popular during the Qing dynasty until around the mid-19th century. It is played with 40 cards and four players.

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  • Ma diao (fr)
  • Madiao (en)
  • 馬弔 (ja)
  • 葉子戲 (zh)
rdfs:comment
  • Mǎ diào (馬吊) est le nom d'un ancien jeu de cartes chinois. C'est un jeu de levées, qui se joue avec 40 cartes, entre 4 joueurs. Avec le Kanhu et le Che Cheung il fut un des trois jeux de cartes les plus prisés pendant la dynastie Ming. En chinois, 馬 mǎ signifie « cheval », et 吊 diào « pendu ou levé ». Le nom du jeu mǎ diào viendrait de ce qu'il implique trois joueurs formant équipe contre le banquier, comme un cheval qui soulève un seul sabot (le banquier), ses trois autres sabots restant au sol (les trois joueurs). (fr)
  • 馬弔(マーディアオ)は、馬吊とも書き、中国の伝統的なカードゲーム用のカードである。4つのスートからなる40枚のカードで、現代の中華圏で使われている紙牌や麻雀の先祖にあたる。またトランプもこのカードが中東を経由して西洋に伝わったものとする説が有力である。 古い文献では葉子戯・葉子格戯と呼ばれているが、葉子戯は時代と文脈によってすごろくの一種であるダイスゲームとも、後世の馬弔の原型としてのゲームとも、馬弔自体とも、馬弔のカードを使ったゲームの総称とも、一般に紙牌を使ったゲームの総称とも解釈される多義語であることに注意しなければならない。 (ja)
  • 葉子戲或葉子格戲,視乎年代與語境,可以解作類似陞官圖之骰戲、可能是後世「馬弔」的原型遊戲、馬弔遊戲、用馬弔牌玩的牌戲統稱,或一般紙牌戲的泛稱,是一個具多重意義的詞彙。 (zh)
  • Madiao (simplified Chinese: 马吊; traditional Chinese: 馬弔; pinyin: mǎdiào), also ma diao, ma tiu or ma tiao, is a late imperial Chinese trick-taking gambling card game, also known as the game of paper tiger. The deck used was recorded by Lu Rong in the 15th century and the rules later by Pan Zhiheng and Feng Menglong during the early 17th century. Korean poet Jang Hon (1759-1828) wrote that the game dates back to the Yuan dynasty (1271-1368). It continued to be popular during the Qing dynasty until around the mid-19th century. It is played with 40 cards and four players. (en)
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