The Lyginopteridales were the archetypal pteridosperms: They were the first plant fossils to be described as pteridosperms and, thus, the group on which the concept of pteridosperms was first developed; they are the stratigraphically oldest-known pteridosperms, occurring first in late Devonian strata; and they have the most primitive features, most notably in the structure of their ovules. They probably evolved from a group of Late Devonian progymnosperms known as the , which had large, compound frond-like leaves. The Lyginopteridales became the most abundant group of pteridosperms during Mississippian times, and included both trees and smaller plants. During early and most of middle Pennsylvanian times the Medullosales took over as the more important of the larger pteridosperms but the Ly
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| - Lyginopteridales (de)
- Lyginopteridales (en)
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| - Die Lyginopteridales sind eine paläozoische Ordnung der ausgestorbenen Pflanzengruppe der Samenfarne. Die Gruppe ist bis heute relativ schlecht bekannt, sie spielte jedoch wissenschaftshistorisch eine wichtige Rolle bei der Erkennung der Gruppe der Samenfarne. (de)
- The Lyginopteridales were the archetypal pteridosperms: They were the first plant fossils to be described as pteridosperms and, thus, the group on which the concept of pteridosperms was first developed; they are the stratigraphically oldest-known pteridosperms, occurring first in late Devonian strata; and they have the most primitive features, most notably in the structure of their ovules. They probably evolved from a group of Late Devonian progymnosperms known as the , which had large, compound frond-like leaves. The Lyginopteridales became the most abundant group of pteridosperms during Mississippian times, and included both trees and smaller plants. During early and most of middle Pennsylvanian times the Medullosales took over as the more important of the larger pteridosperms but the Ly (en)
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| - Diplopteridium holdenii, Early Carboniferous Drybrook Sandstone, Forest of Dean, UK. (en)
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| - * Moresnetiaceae
* Genomospermaceae
* Eospermaceae
* Lyginopteridaceae
* Physostomaceae (en)
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| - Die Lyginopteridales sind eine paläozoische Ordnung der ausgestorbenen Pflanzengruppe der Samenfarne. Die Gruppe ist bis heute relativ schlecht bekannt, sie spielte jedoch wissenschaftshistorisch eine wichtige Rolle bei der Erkennung der Gruppe der Samenfarne. Die Lyginopteridales sind eine heterogene und wohl auch künstliche Gruppierung. Gemeinsame Merkmale, die bei den meisten Vertretern vorkommen, sind die Struktur der Stele und das Vorhandensein eines Sklerenchyms in der Rinde. Die Stelen stellen Übergangsformen von denen der Calamopityales zu echten Eustelen dar. Jüngere Formen besitzen zunehmend mehr Parenchym. Die frühen Samenfarne wie die Lyginopteridales dürften aus Progymnospermen, etwa den , hervorgegangen sein. (de)
- The Lyginopteridales were the archetypal pteridosperms: They were the first plant fossils to be described as pteridosperms and, thus, the group on which the concept of pteridosperms was first developed; they are the stratigraphically oldest-known pteridosperms, occurring first in late Devonian strata; and they have the most primitive features, most notably in the structure of their ovules. They probably evolved from a group of Late Devonian progymnosperms known as the , which had large, compound frond-like leaves. The Lyginopteridales became the most abundant group of pteridosperms during Mississippian times, and included both trees and smaller plants. During early and most of middle Pennsylvanian times the Medullosales took over as the more important of the larger pteridosperms but the Lyginopteridales continued to flourish as climbing (lianescent) and scrambling plants. However, later in Middle Pennsylvanian times the Lyginopteridales went into serious decline, probably being out-competed by the Callistophytales that occupied similar ecological niches but had more sophisticated reproductive strategies. A few species continued into Late Pennsylvanian times, and in Cathaysia and east equatorial Gondwana they persisted into the Late Permian, but subsequently became extinct. Most evidence of the Lyginopteridales suggests that they grew in tropical latitudes of the time, in North America, Europe and China. (en)
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