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The Luso-Chinese agreement of 1554 (Portuguese: Acordo Luso-Chinês de 1554) was a trade agreement between the Portuguese headed by Leonel de Sousa, and the authorities of Guangzhou headed by the Provincial Admiral (海道副使; haitao in European sources) Wang Bo (汪柏), which allowed for the legalization of Portuguese trade in China by paying taxes. It opened a new era in Sino-Portuguese relations, as Portuguese were until then officially barred from trading in the region. In 1517 an embassy led by Fernão Pires de Andrade to the Ming court failed and, after conflicts in 1521 and 1522, trade was conducted as smuggling and was fought by the authorities, who considered Portuguese to be "Folangji" (Frankish) pirates.

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  • Acuerdo Luso-Chino (1554) (es)
  • Perjanjian Luso-Tiongkok (1554) (in)
  • Luso-Chinese agreement (1554) (en)
  • 1554년 포르투갈-명 조약 (ko)
  • Acordo Luso-Chinês de 1554 (pt)
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  • 1554년 포르투갈-명 조약(포르투갈어: Acordo Luso-Chinês de 1554)은 1554년에 레오넬 드 소자(Leonel de Sousa)가 이끄는 포르투갈인들과 중국 명나라 광저우의 해도부사(海道副使) 왕백(汪柏)이 체결한 무역 조약이다. 조약의 주요 내용은 포르투갈인들이 세금을 내고 중국과 교역하는 것을 허가하는 것이었다. (ko)
  • O acordo Luso-Chinês de 1554 foi o primeiro acordo entre os portugueses e as autoridades de Cantão, que permitiu a legalização das suas actividades comerciais na China mediante o pagamento de uma taxa, abrindo caminho para o estabelecimento de Macau como entreposto português três anos depois. Este acordo negociado por Leonel de Sousa, capitão-mor da viagem do Japão, abriu uma nova era nas relações sino-portuguesas uma vez que, desde 1522 os portugueses estavam oficialmente impedidos de comerciar: várias embaixadas tinham falhado e o comércio era realizado como contrabando e combatido pelas autoridades, que os consideravam "folanji" combatendo-os como piratas. (pt)
  • El acuerdo Luso-Chino de 1554 (en portugués, Acordo Luso-Chinês de 1554) fue un acuerdo comercial entre los portugueses encabezados por y las autoridades de Cantón encabezadas por el almirante provincial (海道副使; haitao en fuentes europeas) Wang Bo (汪 柏), que permitió la legalización del comercio portugués en China pagando impuestos. Abrió una nueva era en las , ya que hasta entonces los portugueses estaban oficialmente excluidos del comercio en la región.​ En 1517 una embajada dirigida por Fernão Pires de Andrade a la Dinastía Ming falló y, después de y , el comercio se llevó a cabo como contrabando y se libró por las autoridades, que consideraban a los portugueses como «» (Francos), piratas. (es)
  • The Luso-Chinese agreement of 1554 (Portuguese: Acordo Luso-Chinês de 1554) was a trade agreement between the Portuguese headed by Leonel de Sousa, and the authorities of Guangzhou headed by the Provincial Admiral (海道副使; haitao in European sources) Wang Bo (汪柏), which allowed for the legalization of Portuguese trade in China by paying taxes. It opened a new era in Sino-Portuguese relations, as Portuguese were until then officially barred from trading in the region. In 1517 an embassy led by Fernão Pires de Andrade to the Ming court failed and, after conflicts in 1521 and 1522, trade was conducted as smuggling and was fought by the authorities, who considered Portuguese to be "Folangji" (Frankish) pirates. (en)
  • Perjanjian Luso-Tiongkok 1554 (bahasa Portugis: Acordo Luso-Chinês de 1554) adalah sebuah perjanjian perdagangan antara Portugis yang dipimpin oleh , dan otoritas di Guangzhou yang dipimpin oleh Laksamana Provinsi (海道副使; haitao dalam sumber-sumber Eropa) Wang Bo (汪柏), yang memungkinkan untuk legalisasi perdagangan Portugis di Tiongkok dengan membayar pajak. Perjanjian ini membuka era baru dalam hubungan Tiongkok dengan Portugal, karena Portugis sampai saat itu secara resmi dilarang berdagang di wilayah tersebut. Pada tahun 1517 sebuah perutusan yang dipimpin oleh Fernão Pires de Andrade ke istana Ming gagal dan, setelah konflik pada tahun dan , perdagangan dilakukan secara penyelundupan dan diperangi oleh pihak berwenang, yang menganggap Portugis sebagai bajak laut "Folangji" (Franka). (in)
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