Joseph Bailey (March 18, 1810 – August 26, 1885) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district from 1861 to 1863 and for Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district from 1863 to 1865. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 1st district from 1843 to 1844 and the 4th district from 1851 to 1853. He served as Pennsylvania State Treasurer from 1854 to 1855 and as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1840 to 1841.