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Internal reconstruction is a method of reconstructing an earlier state in a language's history using only language-internal evidence of the language in question. The comparative method compares variations between languages, such as in sets of cognates, under the assumption that they descend from a single proto-language, but internal reconstruction compares variant forms within a single language under the assumption that they descend from a single, regular form. For example, they could take the form of allomorphs of the same morpheme.

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  • Internal reconstruction (en)
  • Ricostruzione interna (it)
  • 内的再構 (ja)
  • 내적 재구 (ko)
  • Rekonstrukcja wewnętrzna (pl)
  • Intern rekonstruktion (sv)
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  • 内的再構(ないてきさいこう、internal reconstruction)とは、比較言語学・歴史言語学において、同じ系統に属する言語間の比較によってではなく、その言語内のある時点での形の分析から、その言語の記録以前の形を推定しこれを構築する働きかけのことであり、また方法のことである。内的再建法ともいう。 (ja)
  • 내적 재구(內的再構, 영어: internal reconstruction)는 역사-비교언어학에서, 어느 한 언어의 특정한 시기의 공시적 자료를 이용하여 그 언어의 역사를 추정하는 연구 방법론이다. (ko)
  • Rekonstrukcja wewnętrzna – metoda badawcza w językoznawstwie, odtwarzająca dawniejsze fazy historyczne języka na podstawie istniejącego materiału. W przeciwieństwie do metody porównawczej, porównującej różne języki, metoda rekonstrukcji wewnętrznej porównuje ze sobą różne formy i warianty słów w obrębie tego samego języka. Próbuje tym samym zrekonstruować formę pierwotną, istniejącą w jego najwcześniejszej fazie. (pl)
  • Intern rekonstruktion (även inomspråklig rekonstruktion och inre rekonstruktion) är en språkvetenskaplig metod för att härleda ett språks historiska förstadier. Till skillnad från den utgår härledningen från former i en enskild språkvarietet, utan att inbegripa jämförelser med material från ytterligare språk eller dialekter. (sv)
  • Internal reconstruction is a method of reconstructing an earlier state in a language's history using only language-internal evidence of the language in question. The comparative method compares variations between languages, such as in sets of cognates, under the assumption that they descend from a single proto-language, but internal reconstruction compares variant forms within a single language under the assumption that they descend from a single, regular form. For example, they could take the form of allomorphs of the same morpheme. (en)
  • In linguistica storica, la ricostruzione interna è un metodo che permette, attraverso un confronto sistematico tra elementi di una lingua, di risalire a fasi precedenti di quella stessa lingua. Questo metodo si fonda sul fatto che una lingua è una struttura complessa a più livelli: fonologico, morfologico, sintattico, semantico. Nel momento in cui avviene, un cambiamento a un livello, per esempio quello fonologico, può influire anche su un altro livello, per esempio quello morfologico, creando irregolarità. Comparando le forme regolari con quelle irregolari si possono determinare quali siano le forme più antiche di quella lingua. (it)
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  • Internal reconstruction is a method of reconstructing an earlier state in a language's history using only language-internal evidence of the language in question. The comparative method compares variations between languages, such as in sets of cognates, under the assumption that they descend from a single proto-language, but internal reconstruction compares variant forms within a single language under the assumption that they descend from a single, regular form. For example, they could take the form of allomorphs of the same morpheme. The basic premise of internal reconstruction is that a meaning-bearing element that alternates between two or more similar forms in different environments was probably once a single form into which alternation has been introduced by the usual mechanisms of sound change and analogy. Language forms that are reconstructed by internal reconstruction are denoted with the pre- prefix, as in Pre-Old Japanese, like the use of proto- to indicate a language reconstructed by means of the comparative method, as in Proto-Indo-European. (However, the pre- prefix is sometimes used for an unattested prior stage of a language, without reference to internal reconstruction.) It is possible to apply internal reconstruction even to proto-languages reconstructed by the comparative method. For example, performing internal reconstruction on Proto-Mayan would yield Pre-Proto-Mayan. In some cases, it is also desirable to use internal reconstruction to uncover an earlier form of various languages and then submit those pre- languages to the comparative method. Care must be taken, however, because internal reconstruction performed on languages before the comparative method is applied can remove significant evidence of the earlier state of the language and thus reduce the accuracy of the reconstructed proto-language. (en)
  • In linguistica storica, la ricostruzione interna è un metodo che permette, attraverso un confronto sistematico tra elementi di una lingua, di risalire a fasi precedenti di quella stessa lingua. Questo metodo si fonda sul fatto che una lingua è una struttura complessa a più livelli: fonologico, morfologico, sintattico, semantico. Nel momento in cui avviene, un cambiamento a un livello, per esempio quello fonologico, può influire anche su un altro livello, per esempio quello morfologico, creando irregolarità. Comparando le forme regolari con quelle irregolari si possono determinare quali siano le forme più antiche di quella lingua. Un esempio di applicazione del metodo della ricostruzione interna è il tentativo di ricostruire le radici dell'indoeuropeo; è però possibile che un mutamento linguistico crei amalgami completi, tanto da non rendere possibile la separazione dei morfemi. La mancata distinzione morfologica in forme alternanti, con la perdita dei necessari elementi, crea ostacoli per l'applicabilità del metodo. (it)
  • 内的再構(ないてきさいこう、internal reconstruction)とは、比較言語学・歴史言語学において、同じ系統に属する言語間の比較によってではなく、その言語内のある時点での形の分析から、その言語の記録以前の形を推定しこれを構築する働きかけのことであり、また方法のことである。内的再建法ともいう。 (ja)
  • 내적 재구(內的再構, 영어: internal reconstruction)는 역사-비교언어학에서, 어느 한 언어의 특정한 시기의 공시적 자료를 이용하여 그 언어의 역사를 추정하는 연구 방법론이다. (ko)
  • Rekonstrukcja wewnętrzna – metoda badawcza w językoznawstwie, odtwarzająca dawniejsze fazy historyczne języka na podstawie istniejącego materiału. W przeciwieństwie do metody porównawczej, porównującej różne języki, metoda rekonstrukcji wewnętrznej porównuje ze sobą różne formy i warianty słów w obrębie tego samego języka. Próbuje tym samym zrekonstruować formę pierwotną, istniejącą w jego najwcześniejszej fazie. (pl)
  • Intern rekonstruktion (även inomspråklig rekonstruktion och inre rekonstruktion) är en språkvetenskaplig metod för att härleda ett språks historiska förstadier. Till skillnad från den utgår härledningen från former i en enskild språkvarietet, utan att inbegripa jämförelser med material från ytterligare språk eller dialekter. (sv)
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