The Hammersmith Ghost murder case of 1804 set a legal precedent in the UK regarding self-defence: that someone could be held liable for their actions even if they were the consequence of a mistaken belief. The issues surrounding the case were not settled for 180 years, until a Court of Appeal decision in 1984.
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| - Mordfall Hammersmith-Geist (de)
- Hammersmith Ghost murder case (en)
- Caso dell'omicidio del fantasma di Hammersmith (it)
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| - Der Mordfall Hammersmith-Geist von 1804 ist ein Präzedenzfall im Vereinigten Königreich hinsichtlich des Rechts auf Selbstverteidigung: Ist jemand für seine Handlungen verantwortlich, auch wenn sie die Folge eines irrtümlichen Glaubens sind? Ende des Jahres 1803 behaupteten mehrere Personen, sie hätten im Londoner Stadtteil Hammersmith einen Geist gesehen oder seien sogar von ihm angegriffen worden. Anwohner glaubten, es handele sich dabei um den Geist eines Selbstmörders. Die Rechtsfragen, die der Fall aufwarf, wurden erst 1984, 180 Jahre später, durch den Court of Appeal abschließend geklärt. (de)
- The Hammersmith Ghost murder case of 1804 set a legal precedent in the UK regarding self-defence: that someone could be held liable for their actions even if they were the consequence of a mistaken belief. The issues surrounding the case were not settled for 180 years, until a Court of Appeal decision in 1984. (en)
- Il caso dell'omicidio del fantasma di Hammersmith fu una discussa controversia giudiziaria del 1804 che generò un precedente legale nel Regno Unito in materia di autodifesa abbandonato soltanto dopo quasi due secoli. Verso la fine del 1803, molte persone affermarono di aver visto o addirittura di essere state attaccate da un fantasma nella zona di Hammersmith a Londra, uno spettro che la gente del posto credeva fosse lo spirito di un suicida. Il 3 gennaio 1804, un funzionario delle imposte di 29 anni di nome Francis Smith, membro di una delle pattuglie armate istituite per catturare il fantasma sulla scia delle segnalazioni, uccise un muratore, Thomas Millwood, scambiando i vestiti bianchi da lavoro di quest'ultimo per il sudario di uno spettro. Smith fu riconosciuto colpevole di omicidio (it)
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| - Lord Chief Baron Macdonald (en)
- Lord Chief Justice Lane (en)
- Mrs. Fulbrooke's testimony at the Old Bailey trial (en)
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| - In a case of self-defence, where self-defence or the prevention of crime is concerned, if the jury came to the conclusion that the defendant believed, or may have believed, that he was being attacked or that a crime was being committed, and that force was necessary to protect himself or to prevent the crime, then the prosecution have not proved their case. If, however, the defendant's alleged belief was mistaken and if the mistake was an unreasonable one, that may be a peaceful reason for coming to the conclusion that the belief was not honestly held and should be rejected. Even if the jury come to the conclusion that the mistake was an unreasonable one, if the defendant may genuinely have been labouring under it, he is entitled to rely upon it. (en)
- I should betray my duty, and injure the public security, if I did not persist in asserting that this is a clear case of murder, if the facts be proved to your satisfaction. All killing whatever amounts to murder, unless justified by the law, or in self-defence. In cases of some involuntary acts, or some sufficiently violent provocation, it becomes manslaughter. Not one of these circumstances occur here. (en)
- raised issues of law which have been the subject of debate for more years than one likes to think about and the subject of more learned academic articles than one would care to read in an evening. (en)
- On Saturday evening, he and I were at home, for he lived with me; he said he had frightened two ladies and a gentleman who were coming along the terrace in a carriage, for that the man said, he dared to say there goes the ghost; that he said he was no more a ghost than he was, and asked him, using a bad word, did he want a punch of the head; I begged of him to change his dress; Thomas, says I, as there is a piece of work about the ghost, and your look white, pray do put on your great coat, that you may not run any danger; (en)
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| - Der Mordfall Hammersmith-Geist von 1804 ist ein Präzedenzfall im Vereinigten Königreich hinsichtlich des Rechts auf Selbstverteidigung: Ist jemand für seine Handlungen verantwortlich, auch wenn sie die Folge eines irrtümlichen Glaubens sind? Ende des Jahres 1803 behaupteten mehrere Personen, sie hätten im Londoner Stadtteil Hammersmith einen Geist gesehen oder seien sogar von ihm angegriffen worden. Anwohner glaubten, es handele sich dabei um den Geist eines Selbstmörders. Am 3. Januar 1804 erschoss ein Mitglied einer der bewaffneten Bürgerwehren, die infolge der Berichterstattung eingerichtet worden waren, den Maurer Thomas Millwood, den er aufgrund seiner weißen Berufsbekleidung für eine Geistererscheinung hielt. Der Schütze, ein 29-jähriger Steuerbeamter namens Francis Smith, wurde des Mordes für schuldig befunden und zum Tode verurteilt, danach zu einem Jahr Zwangsarbeit begnadigt. Die Rechtsfragen, die der Fall aufwarf, wurden erst 1984, 180 Jahre später, durch den Court of Appeal abschließend geklärt. (de)
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