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Essential genes are indispensable genes for organisms to grow and reproduce offspring under certain environment. However, being essential is highly dependent on the circumstances in which an organism lives. For instance, a gene required to digest starch is only essential if starch is the only source of energy. Recently, systematic attempts have been made to identify those genes that are absolutely required to maintain life, provided that all nutrients are available. Such experiments have led to the conclusion that the absolutely required number of genes for bacteria is on the order of about 250–300. Essential genes of single-celled organisms encode proteins for three basic functions including genetic information processing, cell envelopes and energy production. Those gene functions are use

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  • جين لازم (ar)
  • Gène essentiel (fr)
  • Essential gene (en)
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  • الجين اللازم هو الجين الذي يُعتقد أنه ضروري لبقاء وحياة الكائن الحي. إلا أن كون الجين لازما يعتمد على الظروف التي يعيش فيها الكائن الحي. فعلى سبيل المثال، الجين المسئول عن هضم النشا يكون لازما فقط إذا كان النشا هو مصدر الغذاء الوحيد للكائن الحي. هناك محاولات حديثة لتحديد الجينات اللازمة بشكل مطلق للحفاظ على حياة الكائن الحي بشرط توافر كل المواد الغذائية. هذه التجارب أدت إلى استنتاج أن عدد الجينات اللازمة المطلوبة لحياة البكتريا في حدود 250-300. تقوم هذه الجينات بترميز البروتينات للحفاظ على الأيض المركزي وتكرار الحمض النووي وترجمة الجينات إلى بروتينات، والحفاظ على الهيكل الخلوي الأساسي، والتوسط في عمليات النقل من وإلى الخلية. معظم الجينات ليست ضرورية ولكنها تضيف ميزة إضافية وزيادة الصلاحية. (ar)
  • Essential genes are indispensable genes for organisms to grow and reproduce offspring under certain environment. However, being essential is highly dependent on the circumstances in which an organism lives. For instance, a gene required to digest starch is only essential if starch is the only source of energy. Recently, systematic attempts have been made to identify those genes that are absolutely required to maintain life, provided that all nutrients are available. Such experiments have led to the conclusion that the absolutely required number of genes for bacteria is on the order of about 250–300. Essential genes of single-celled organisms encode proteins for three basic functions including genetic information processing, cell envelopes and energy production. Those gene functions are use (en)
  • Un gène essentiel est un gène supposé crucial pour la survie de l'organisme qui le contient. Cependant, le fait d'être essentiel est largement dépendant des conditions dans lesquelles ledit organisme vit. Par exemple, un gène nécessaire à la digestion de l'amidon n'est essentiel seulement si l'amidon est la seule source d'énergie disponible. Ces derniers temps, des expériences méthodiques ont été conduites afin d'identifier ces gènes absolument nécessaires pour maintenir l'organisme en vie, pourvu que tous les nutriments soient disponibles. De telles expériences ont mené les chercheurs à conclure que le nombre absolu de gènes nécessaires pour la viabilité des bactéries était de l'ordre de 250-300. Ces gènes essentiels codent des protéines permettant la maintenance du métabolisme central, l (fr)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Conservation_of_essential_genes.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Essential_metabolic_genes_in_bacteria.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Transposon_insertions_and_next_generation_sequencing_map_essential_genes_in_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis.png
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