Emilian (also Emil) Czyrniański (Lemko Емілиян Чырняньскій) (1824–1888) was a Polish chemist of Lemko descent, science writer, rector of the Jagiellonian University and co-founder of the Polish Academy of Learning. He is responsible for developing chemical nomenclature in Polish. One of his grandsons was the highly influential political activist and writer, Jozef Retinger.