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The distancing effect, also translated as alienation effect (German: Verfremdungseffekt or V-Effekt), is a concept in performing arts credited to German playwright Bertolt Brecht. Brecht first used the term in his essay "Alienation Effects in Chinese Acting" published in 1936, in which he described it as performing "in such a way that the audience was hindered from simply identifying itself with the characters in the play. Acceptance or rejection of their actions and utterances was meant to take place on a conscious plane, instead of, as hitherto, in the audience's subconscious".

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  • Verfremdungseffekt (de)
  • Efecto de distanciamiento (es)
  • Distancing effect (en)
  • Effet de distanciation (fr)
  • Straniamento (it)
  • V-effekt (pt)
  • 间离效果 (zh)
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  • Der Verfremdungseffekt (V-Effekt) ist ein literarisches Stilmittel und Hauptbestandteil des epischen Theaters nach Bertolt Brecht. Eine Handlung wird durch Kommentare oder Lieder so unterbrochen, dass beim Zuschauer jegliche Illusionen zerstört werden. So kann er der Theorie zufolge eine kritische Distanz zum Dargestellten einnehmen. Der Verfremdungseffekt besteht im Kern darin, dem Betrachter vertraute Dinge in einem neuen Licht erscheinen zu lassen und so Widersprüche in der Realität sichtbar zu machen und eine kritischere und bewusstere Wahrnehmung des Gezeigten zu ermöglichen. (de)
  • The distancing effect, also translated as alienation effect (German: Verfremdungseffekt or V-Effekt), is a concept in performing arts credited to German playwright Bertolt Brecht. Brecht first used the term in his essay "Alienation Effects in Chinese Acting" published in 1936, in which he described it as performing "in such a way that the audience was hindered from simply identifying itself with the characters in the play. Acceptance or rejection of their actions and utterances was meant to take place on a conscious plane, instead of, as hitherto, in the audience's subconscious". (en)
  • Verfremdungseffekt (en alemán: ‘efecto de extrañamiento’; «efecto de distanciamiento») es una forma de teatro creada por Bertolt Brecht que consiste en que la obra se centra en las ideas y decisiones, y no en intentar sumergir al público en un mundo ilusorio, para así evitar la catarsis. Se relaciona con el Epischestheater (Teatro épico) de Brecht. (es)
  • Un effet de distanciation est un procédé utilisé dans le cadre d’une narration fictionnelle, ayant pour objectif d’interrompre le processus naturel d’identification du lecteur ou du spectateur aux personnages auxquels il est confronté. (fr)
  • 间离效果(英語:Distancing effect;德語:Verfremdungseffekt),又称陌生化效果、疏離,是德国戏剧理论家、劇作家布莱希特所提出的戏剧表演理论,是指将观众疏远于戏剧或电影,这被布莱希特称为敘事詩劇場(德語:Episches Theater)。布莱希特認為戲劇應為政治服務;觀眾對舞台上的戲劇投射情感會妨礙觀眾的冷靜判斷。在劇本的創作上,他多以異國的、模糊的時空背景,並運用說書人講述故事,以達到觀眾與劇情間的疏離效果。 间离效果要求“演员不能表现出在(舞台)周围的三面墙之外有第四面牆存在……,观众也不再有『自己作为真实事件的隱形观察者』的错觉”(Willett 91)。直接对观众说话就是破坏舞台错觉并制造间离效果的一种方式。在表演中,当表演者“观察自己”时,他的目的是“为了让观众觉得奇怪甚至惊讶,他通过像陌生人一样审视他和他的工作来达到这一目的。”(Willett 92)关于“敘事詩劇場”和布莱希特式戏剧,教师和学者仍有争议:布莱希特的“间离效果”究竟指的是观众还是演员还是两者皆有呢? (zh)
  • Lo straniamento è un artificio letterario che ha lo scopo di far uscire il lettore "dall'automatismo della percezione". Il termine fu introdotto dal teorico della letteratura Viktor Borisovič Šklovskij nel 1916. Il concetto ebbe una enorme influenza durante tutto il XX secolo in ogni ambito della produzione artistica. (it)
  • V-Effekt ou efeito V (do alemão Verfremdungseffekt) é uma elaboração artística do dramaturgo e diretor alemão Bertolt Brecht. Pode ser traduzido como "efeito de estranhamento" ou "efeito de distanciamento" porém, há outras maneiras de se traduzir a palavra, como: "efeito de desilusão". Bertolt Brecht lembra que o v-effekt pode ser encontrado nas tragédias gregas, no teatro chinês e mesmo no dadaísmo, onde o admirador da obra de arte pode se deparar com coisas e situações estranhas, não habituais. (pt)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Model_of_Stage_Design_for_Mother_Courage_-_Bert-Brecht-Haus_-_Augsburg_-_Germany.jpg
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