Caishikou Execution Grounds (traditional Chinese: 菜市口法場; simplified Chinese: 菜市口法场; pinyin: Càishìkǒu Fǎchǎng), also known as Vegetable Market Execution Ground, was an important execution ground in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty. It was located at the crossroads of Xuanwumen Outer Street and Luomashi Street. The exact location is under debate today. However, contemporary sources and photographs put it across from the Heniantang Pharmacy (Chinese: 鶴年堂藥店). The Catholic bishop Alphonse Favier wrote about the execution ground in the 1890s: — Alphonse Favier, Péking: historire et description
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| - Caishikou Execution Grounds (en)
- Piazza delle esecuzioni di Caishikou (it)
- 菜市口法场 (zh)
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| - La piazza delle esecuzioni di Caishikou (in cinese: 菜市口法場T, Càishìkǒu fǎchǎngP) è stata un importante luogo di esecuzioni a Pechino durante la dinastia Qing.La piazza si trovava all'incrocio tra il viale Xuanwu e la via Luomashi. Attualmente, però, la precisa ubicazione della piazza è in discussione. Tramite foto e fonti contemporanee si è giunti a considerare il luogo delle esecuzioni di fronte al negozio di uno speziale He Nian Tang (鶴年堂藥店). (it)
- Caishikou Execution Grounds (traditional Chinese: 菜市口法場; simplified Chinese: 菜市口法场; pinyin: Càishìkǒu Fǎchǎng), also known as Vegetable Market Execution Ground, was an important execution ground in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty. It was located at the crossroads of Xuanwumen Outer Street and Luomashi Street. The exact location is under debate today. However, contemporary sources and photographs put it across from the Heniantang Pharmacy (Chinese: 鶴年堂藥店). The Catholic bishop Alphonse Favier wrote about the execution ground in the 1890s: — Alphonse Favier, Péking: historire et description (en)
- 菜市口法场，位于北京旧城宣武门南侧，为清代京师地区的死刑执行场所。 菜市口法场位于一个倒丁字路口，上冲宣武门，西边是广安门方向，东边可穿过前门外大街，崇文门外大街抵达广渠门，是南城贯穿东西的交通干道。刑场的具体位置有不同说法，一说是在当时位于东北角的中药店门口，还有一种说法是在东口，丞相胡同（旧称绳匠胡同）以东，以西的大道中间。从流传下来的照片推测，后一种说法比较准确。刑场坐东面西，对着丁字路口人群最多的地方。逢行刑之时，先在丁字路口正南偏东立监斩棚，负责监刑的官员和行刑刽子手预先到达坐于其中。尔后，载有囚犯的刑车会沿着宣武门外大街驶来。到达刑场后，监斩官员先宣读皇帝关于处决人犯的谕旨，然后按照皇帝在集中审理死刑案件的秋审中“勾决”的先后顺序将应决囚犯从一众犯人中提出，即行处决。要注意的是，被押赴刑场的犯人并不一定全部被处死，按照清朝相关制度规定，被判处死刑的囚犯会在秋审中因犯罪情节不同而被分为“情实”、“照缓”、“留养承祀”等不同类型，而仅有被拟为“情实”的罪犯被皇帝“勾决”后方可执行死刑。但在实际操作中，本年度所有的死囚均会在行刑之日被押赴刑场，已赴刑场但未被处决的犯人称之为“陪绑”，会在行刑结束后押回监所，等候次年秋审发落。 (zh)
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| - Execution of Boxers at the execution ground. (en)
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| - The convicts, on their knees, are executed one after the other, their bodies carried to the dump, their heads hung in little cages on a tripod frame made of poles. Passerby can view the bloodless heads, their huge, terrified eyes half eaten by magpies and crows that peck through the rungs; each queue trails down to the ground; dogs look on and stand on their hind legs trying to get to them (en)
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| - Caishikou Execution Grounds (en)
- Péking: historire et description (en)
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| - Caishikou Execution Grounds (traditional Chinese: 菜市口法場; simplified Chinese: 菜市口法场; pinyin: Càishìkǒu Fǎchǎng), also known as Vegetable Market Execution Ground, was an important execution ground in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty. It was located at the crossroads of Xuanwumen Outer Street and Luomashi Street. The exact location is under debate today. However, contemporary sources and photographs put it across from the Heniantang Pharmacy (Chinese: 鶴年堂藥店). Executions were usually carried out at 11:30 AM. On the day of the execution, the convict would be carted from the jail cell to the execution grounds. The cart stopped at a wine shop named Broken Bowl (Chinese: 破碗居) on the east side of Xuanwu Gate, where the convict would be offered a bowl of rice wine. The bowl would be smashed after it was drunk. During the executions of infamous convicts, it was common for a large crowd to gather and watch. The torture death by a thousand cuts was also carried out at the execution ground. Many members of the House of Zhu of the Ming dynasty were purged and executed at Caishikou during the Qing dynasty. The Catholic bishop Alphonse Favier wrote about the execution ground in the 1890s: The convicts, on their knees, are executed one after the other, their bodies carried to the dump, their heads hung in little cages on a tripod frame made of poles. Passerby can view the bloodless heads, their huge, terrified eyes half eaten by magpies and crows that peck through the rungs; each queue trails down to the ground; dogs look on and stand on their hind legs trying to get to them — Alphonse Favier, Péking: historire et description (en)
- La piazza delle esecuzioni di Caishikou (in cinese: 菜市口法場T, Càishìkǒu fǎchǎngP) è stata un importante luogo di esecuzioni a Pechino durante la dinastia Qing.La piazza si trovava all'incrocio tra il viale Xuanwu e la via Luomashi. Attualmente, però, la precisa ubicazione della piazza è in discussione. Tramite foto e fonti contemporanee si è giunti a considerare il luogo delle esecuzioni di fronte al negozio di uno speziale He Nian Tang (鶴年堂藥店). (it)
- 菜市口法场，位于北京旧城宣武门南侧，为清代京师地区的死刑执行场所。 菜市口法场位于一个倒丁字路口，上冲宣武门，西边是广安门方向，东边可穿过前门外大街，崇文门外大街抵达广渠门，是南城贯穿东西的交通干道。刑场的具体位置有不同说法，一说是在当时位于东北角的中药店门口，还有一种说法是在东口，丞相胡同（旧称绳匠胡同）以东，以西的大道中间。从流传下来的照片推测，后一种说法比较准确。刑场坐东面西，对着丁字路口人群最多的地方。逢行刑之时，先在丁字路口正南偏东立监斩棚，负责监刑的官员和行刑刽子手预先到达坐于其中。尔后，载有囚犯的刑车会沿着宣武门外大街驶来。到达刑场后，监斩官员先宣读皇帝关于处决人犯的谕旨，然后按照皇帝在集中审理死刑案件的秋审中“勾决”的先后顺序将应决囚犯从一众犯人中提出，即行处决。要注意的是，被押赴刑场的犯人并不一定全部被处死，按照清朝相关制度规定，被判处死刑的囚犯会在秋审中因犯罪情节不同而被分为“情实”、“照缓”、“留养承祀”等不同类型，而仅有被拟为“情实”的罪犯被皇帝“勾决”后方可执行死刑。但在实际操作中，本年度所有的死囚均会在行刑之日被押赴刑场，已赴刑场但未被处决的犯人称之为“陪绑”，会在行刑结束后押回监所，等候次年秋审发落。 死刑的执行时间原则上是在秋季霜降之后十日至冬季立冬之前，行刑之时是一日之中的午时（11时至下午1时），据称因此时为一天中“阳气”最重之时，可以抵消处决人命带来的“阴气”。而幾乎所有的监斩官都選在午时三刻执行，之所以在最後一刻才執行，是希望為死囚等待皇帝的特赦敕命。不過，在刑场上获得特赦的事例极为罕见。也有一说指午时与三刻分别象征“魂飞”与“魄散”，意在让处死之人永世不得超生。 (zh)
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