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Bone cements have been used very successfully to anchor artificial joints (hip joints, knee joints, shoulder and elbow joints) for more than half a century. Artificial joints (referred to as prostheses) are anchored with bone cement. The bone cement fills the free space between the prosthesis and the bone and plays the important role of an elastic zone. This is necessary because the human hip is acted on by approximately 10–12 times the body weight and therefore the bone cement must absorb the forces acting on the hips to ensure that the artificial implant remains in place over the long term.

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  • إسمنت العظم (ar)
  • Knochenzement (de)
  • Bone cement (en)
  • 본시멘트 (ko)
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  • إسمنت العظم (بالإنجليزية: Bone cement)‏ هو مادة تستخدم منذ أكثر من نصف قرن في تثبيت المفاصل الصناعية بملئ الفراغات بين المفصل وبين سطح العظم الداخلي. وهذا الأسمنت ما هو إلا مسحوق مادة زجاجية مبلمرة هي بولي ميثيل ميثاكريلات (بالإنجليزية: polymethyl methacrylate; PMMA)‏ يستخدم بعد مزجه بمذيب سائل هو الميثايل ميثاكريلات (وهو مونومر). استخدم أسمنت العظام للمرة الأولى في أربعينيات القرن العشرين لملء الفراغات في عظم الجمجمة. أجريت أبحاث عديدة على أسمنت العظم ومدى توافقه مع الأنسجة الحية قبل البدء في استخدامه جراحياً، وقد بدأ استخدام أسمنت العظم للمرة الأولى في تثبيت مفصل الفخذ الاصطناعي في خمسينيات القرن العشرين. (ar)
  • Bone cements have been used very successfully to anchor artificial joints (hip joints, knee joints, shoulder and elbow joints) for more than half a century. Artificial joints (referred to as prostheses) are anchored with bone cement. The bone cement fills the free space between the prosthesis and the bone and plays the important role of an elastic zone. This is necessary because the human hip is acted on by approximately 10–12 times the body weight and therefore the bone cement must absorb the forces acting on the hips to ensure that the artificial implant remains in place over the long term. (en)
  • Knochenzement ist ein Zwei-Komponenten-System aus Pulver und Flüssigkeit, das ursprünglich für den Einsatz in der Dentalchirurgie entwickelt wurde. Trotz der scheinbar einfachen Zusammensetzung aus diesen beiden Komponenten stellt Knochenzement ein komplexes Materialsystem dar, das nach der Implantation zahlreiche Aufgaben am Einsatzort erfüllt. Hauptaufgabe des Zements ist es, das Implantat zu fixieren. Sekundär überträgt es die vom Implantat aus einwirkenden Kräfte auf den Knochen und umgekehrt. Diese Fähigkeit des Knochenzements entscheidet langfristig über die Stabilität des Implantats. Besonders entscheidend ist dabei die Verzahnung zwischen Knochen und Zement, die unter anderem durch die Beschaffenheit der Spongialschicht des Patienten bestimmt wird. Chemisch handelt es sich um ein p (de)
  • 본시멘트(bone cement)는 반 세기 이상 인공관절(엉덩이 관절, 무릎 관절, 어깨 및 팔꿈치 관절)을 고정시키기 위해 아주 성공적으로 사용돼 왔다. 인공관절(prosthesis: artificial joint)은 본시멘트로 고정된다. 본시멘트는 뼈와 인공관절 사이의 여유 공간을 메우고 탄성 범위에 중요한 역할을 한다. 인간의 엉덩이는 대략 몸무게의 10-12배에 의해 활동하고 그러므로 본시멘트가 엉덩이에 가해지는 힘을 흡수해서 인공 이식물(artificial implant)이 제 자리에 오랜 기간 있도록 보장하기 위해 이는 필요하다. 본시멘트는 화학적으로는 플렉시글래스(Plexiglas), 즉 폴리메틸 메타크릴레이트(polymethyl methacrylate 또는 PMMA)에 불과하다. PMMA는 두개골의 틈을 닫기위해서 1940년대에 성형수술에 처음 의학적으로 사용되었다. 수술 전 본시멘트와 몸의 공존성에 대한 포괄적인 의학적 테스트가 시행되었다. PMMA의 탁월한 조직 공존성은 본시멘트가 1950년대에 머리에 인공뼈를 고정시키는 데 사용될 수 있게 하였다. (ko)
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  • Synthetic, self-curing organic or inorganic material used to fill up a cavity or to create a mechanical fixation. Note 1: In situ self-curing can be the source of released reagents that can cause local and/or systemic toxicity as in the case of the monomer released from methacrylics-based bone cement used in orthopedic surgery. Note 2: In dentistry, polymer-based cements are also used as fillers of cavities. They are generally cured photochemically using UV radiation in contrast to bone cements. (en)
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  • IUPAC definition (en)
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  • إسمنت العظم (بالإنجليزية: Bone cement)‏ هو مادة تستخدم منذ أكثر من نصف قرن في تثبيت المفاصل الصناعية بملئ الفراغات بين المفصل وبين سطح العظم الداخلي. وهذا الأسمنت ما هو إلا مسحوق مادة زجاجية مبلمرة هي بولي ميثيل ميثاكريلات (بالإنجليزية: polymethyl methacrylate; PMMA)‏ يستخدم بعد مزجه بمذيب سائل هو الميثايل ميثاكريلات (وهو مونومر). استخدم أسمنت العظام للمرة الأولى في أربعينيات القرن العشرين لملء الفراغات في عظم الجمجمة. أجريت أبحاث عديدة على أسمنت العظم ومدى توافقه مع الأنسجة الحية قبل البدء في استخدامه جراحياً، وقد بدأ استخدام أسمنت العظم للمرة الأولى في تثبيت مفصل الفخذ الاصطناعي في خمسينيات القرن العشرين. واليوم تجرى ملايين العمليات لاستبدال المفاصل التالفة سنوياً، يستخدم أسمنت العظم في أكثر من نصف العدد. ويتميز أسمنت العظم بسهولة استخدامه وطول عمره الافتراضي داخل الجسم عند استخدامه لتثبيت المفاصل الاصطناعية. (ar)
  • Bone cements have been used very successfully to anchor artificial joints (hip joints, knee joints, shoulder and elbow joints) for more than half a century. Artificial joints (referred to as prostheses) are anchored with bone cement. The bone cement fills the free space between the prosthesis and the bone and plays the important role of an elastic zone. This is necessary because the human hip is acted on by approximately 10–12 times the body weight and therefore the bone cement must absorb the forces acting on the hips to ensure that the artificial implant remains in place over the long term. Bone cement chemically is nothing more than Plexiglas (i.e. polymethyl methacrylate or PMMA). PMMA was used clinically for the first time in the 1940s in plastic surgery to close gaps in the skull. Comprehensive clinical tests of the compatibility of bone cements with the body were conducted before their use in surgery. The excellent tissue compatibility of PMMA allowed bone cements to be used for anchorage of head prostheses in the 1950s. Today several million procedures of this type are conducted every year all over the world and more than half of them routinely use bone cements – and the proportion is increasing. Bone cement is considered a reliable anchorage material with its ease of use in clinical practice and particularly because of its proven long survival rate with cemented-in prostheses. Hip and knee registers for artificial joint replacements such as those in Sweden and Norway clearly demonstrate the advantages of cemented-in anchorage. A similar register for endoprosthesis was introduced in Germany in 2010. IUPAC definition Synthetic, self-curing organic or inorganic material used to fill up a cavity or to create a mechanical fixation. Note 1: In situ self-curing can be the source of released reagents that can cause local and/or systemic toxicity as in the case of the monomer released from methacrylics-based bone cement used in orthopedic surgery. Note 2: In dentistry, polymer-based cements are also used as fillers of cavities. They are generally cured photochemically using UV radiation in contrast to bone cements. (en)
  • Knochenzement ist ein Zwei-Komponenten-System aus Pulver und Flüssigkeit, das ursprünglich für den Einsatz in der Dentalchirurgie entwickelt wurde. Trotz der scheinbar einfachen Zusammensetzung aus diesen beiden Komponenten stellt Knochenzement ein komplexes Materialsystem dar, das nach der Implantation zahlreiche Aufgaben am Einsatzort erfüllt. Hauptaufgabe des Zements ist es, das Implantat zu fixieren. Sekundär überträgt es die vom Implantat aus einwirkenden Kräfte auf den Knochen und umgekehrt. Diese Fähigkeit des Knochenzements entscheidet langfristig über die Stabilität des Implantats. Besonders entscheidend ist dabei die Verzahnung zwischen Knochen und Zement, die unter anderem durch die Beschaffenheit der Spongialschicht des Patienten bestimmt wird. Chemisch handelt es sich um ein polymeres Methyl-Methacrylat (PMMA). Oft wird dem Knochenzement noch Gentamicin zugesetzt, um eventuellen Infektionen vorzubeugen. Um den Zement während und nach der chirurgischen Intervention radiologisch, also über ein bildgebendes Verfahren darstellen zu können, ist dieser mit Kontrastmitteln versetzt. Hier kommen z. B. Substanzen wie Zirkoniumdioxid oder Bariumsulfat zum Einsatz. Durch Zusatz dieser Stoffe kann der Zement auf Röntgenbildern oder in der Computertomographie sichtbar gemacht werden. Bei Implantationen von Endoprothesen nach Gelenkinfektionen können Knochenzemente mit speziell auf den Patienten abgestimmten Antibiotikamischungen hergestellt werden. In diesem Fall übernehmen PMMA-Knochenzemente zusätzlich die Funktion eines lokalen Antibiotikaträgers (Drug-Delivery-System). Allgemein ist Knochenzement unverzichtbar zur Verankerung von künstlichen Gelenken. Der Knochenzement schafft eine möglichst hohe Primärstabilität zwischen Prothesenoberfläche und dem Knochen. Der Vorteil bei der Verwendung von Knochenzement in der Prothesenchirurgie liegt in der schnellen Remobilisation der Patienten; die eingesetzte Endoprothese ist nach der Operation voll belastbar. Der Nachteil besteht darin, dass sich bei einem Wechsel des Implantats die Entfernung des Knochenzements schwierig gestalten kann. Dies trifft jedoch auch auf zementfrei verankerte und gut mit dem Knochen verwachsene Implantate zu. Bei beiden Verankerungsarten kommt es zu Knochenschädigungen bis hin zu perioperativen Frakturen bei der Explantation des Implantats. Daher wird zunehmend in Form von Zement-in-Zement Revisionen praktiziert, um die Schädigung des Knochens so gering wie möglich zu halten. (de)
  • 본시멘트(bone cement)는 반 세기 이상 인공관절(엉덩이 관절, 무릎 관절, 어깨 및 팔꿈치 관절)을 고정시키기 위해 아주 성공적으로 사용돼 왔다. 인공관절(prosthesis: artificial joint)은 본시멘트로 고정된다. 본시멘트는 뼈와 인공관절 사이의 여유 공간을 메우고 탄성 범위에 중요한 역할을 한다. 인간의 엉덩이는 대략 몸무게의 10-12배에 의해 활동하고 그러므로 본시멘트가 엉덩이에 가해지는 힘을 흡수해서 인공 이식물(artificial implant)이 제 자리에 오랜 기간 있도록 보장하기 위해 이는 필요하다. 본시멘트는 화학적으로는 플렉시글래스(Plexiglas), 즉 폴리메틸 메타크릴레이트(polymethyl methacrylate 또는 PMMA)에 불과하다. PMMA는 두개골의 틈을 닫기위해서 1940년대에 성형수술에 처음 의학적으로 사용되었다. 수술 전 본시멘트와 몸의 공존성에 대한 포괄적인 의학적 테스트가 시행되었다. PMMA의 탁월한 조직 공존성은 본시멘트가 1950년대에 머리에 인공뼈를 고정시키는 데 사용될 수 있게 하였다. 오늘날 이 유형의 몇 백만의 수술이 세계 도처에서 시행되고 그들 중 반은 정기적으로 본시멘트를 사용한다. 그리고 그 비율은 늘고 있는 추세이다. 본시멘트는 의학적 적용의 편리함과 그것의 증명된 장기 생착률로 믿을 만한 고정재로 여겨진다. 스웨덴과 노르웨이의처럼 인공관절 교체에 대한 엉덩이와 무릎 수술 기록들은 본시멘트재 고정의 이점을 설명해 준다. (ko)
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