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In 1932, G. D. Birkhoff created a set of four postulates of Euclidean geometry in the plane, sometimes referred to as Birkhoff's axioms. These postulates are all based on basic geometry that can be confirmed experimentally with a scale and protractor. Since the postulates build upon the real numbers, the approach is similar to a model-based introduction to Euclidean geometry.

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  • Birkhoff's axioms (en)
  • Assiomi di Birkhoff (it)
  • Аксиомы Биркгофа (ru)
  • Аксіоматика Біркгофа (uk)
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  • Nel 1932, George David Birkhoff propose un sistema di quattro postulati per la geometria euclidea, spesso chiamati assiomi di Birkhoff. Tali postulati si fondano tutti sulla geometria di base che può essere confermata sperimentalmente con riga e compasso. Dalla costruzione dei postulati sopra i numeri reali, l'approccio è simile al modello teorico base introdotto dalla geometria euclidea. Altre assiomatizzazioni utilizzate spesso nella geometria piana sono gli assiomi di Hilbert e gli . (it)
  • Аксиомы Биркгофа — система из четырёх постулатов в евклидовой геометрии.Эти постулаты основаны на утверждениях, которые можно проверить, проводя измерения с помощью транспортира и линейки. В формулировке постулатов используются вещественные числа.Поэтому система постулатов Биркгофа напоминает введение евклидовой геометрии при помощи модели. (ru)
  • Аксіоматика Джорджа Біркгофа — це система із чотирьох аксіом евклідової геометрії. У формулюванні аксіом використовується поняття дійсного числа. Тому аксіоматика Біркгофа нагадує введення евклідової геометрії за допомогою моделі. (uk)
  • In 1932, G. D. Birkhoff created a set of four postulates of Euclidean geometry in the plane, sometimes referred to as Birkhoff's axioms. These postulates are all based on basic geometry that can be confirmed experimentally with a scale and protractor. Since the postulates build upon the real numbers, the approach is similar to a model-based introduction to Euclidean geometry. (en)
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  • In 1932, G. D. Birkhoff created a set of four postulates of Euclidean geometry in the plane, sometimes referred to as Birkhoff's axioms. These postulates are all based on basic geometry that can be confirmed experimentally with a scale and protractor. Since the postulates build upon the real numbers, the approach is similar to a model-based introduction to Euclidean geometry. Birkhoff's axiom system was utilized in the secondary-school textbook by Birkhoff and Beatley.These axioms were also modified by the School Mathematics Study Group to provide a new standard for teaching high school geometry, known as SMSG axioms.A few other textbooks in the foundations of geometry use variants of Birkhoff's axioms. (en)
  • Nel 1932, George David Birkhoff propose un sistema di quattro postulati per la geometria euclidea, spesso chiamati assiomi di Birkhoff. Tali postulati si fondano tutti sulla geometria di base che può essere confermata sperimentalmente con riga e compasso. Dalla costruzione dei postulati sopra i numeri reali, l'approccio è simile al modello teorico base introdotto dalla geometria euclidea. Altre assiomatizzazioni utilizzate spesso nella geometria piana sono gli assiomi di Hilbert e gli . (it)
  • Аксиомы Биркгофа — система из четырёх постулатов в евклидовой геометрии.Эти постулаты основаны на утверждениях, которые можно проверить, проводя измерения с помощью транспортира и линейки. В формулировке постулатов используются вещественные числа.Поэтому система постулатов Биркгофа напоминает введение евклидовой геометрии при помощи модели. (ru)
  • Аксіоматика Джорджа Біркгофа — це система із чотирьох аксіом евклідової геометрії. У формулюванні аксіом використовується поняття дійсного числа. Тому аксіоматика Біркгофа нагадує введення евклідової геометрії за допомогою моделі. (uk)
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