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J. R. R. Tolkien, a fantasy author and professional philologist, drew on the Old English poem Beowulf for multiple aspects of his Middle-earth legendarium, alongside other influences. He used elements such as names, monsters, and the structure of society in a heroic age. He emulated its style, creating an impression of depth and adopting an elegiac tone. Tolkien admired the way that Beowulf, written by a Christian looking back at a pagan past, just as he was, embodied a "large symbolism" without ever becoming allegorical. He worked to echo the symbolism of life's road and individual heroism in The Lord of the Rings.

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  • Beowulf and Middle-earth (en)
  • 贝奥武夫与中土世界 (zh)
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  • 约翰·罗纳德·鲁埃尔·托尔金受古英语史诗《貝奧武夫》的影响,他笔下的中土大陸很多方面都借鉴了这首叙事长诗。比如说,他借鉴了《贝奥武夫》中英雄时代的姓名、怪物和社会结构。托尔金还模仿《贝奥武夫》的风格,用挽歌式的语调给读者留下深刻印象。《贝奥武夫》由一个基督徒回顾异教徒的过去而作,托尔金很欣赏《贝奥武夫》。如同他笔下的中洲故事,《貝奧武夫》并非寓言,却体现了“大象征主义”。托尔金的《魔戒》中,生命之路和个人英雄主义的象征意义亦有所体现。 托尔金的《魔戒》中的种族名称,比如樹人、半獸人和精灵以及欧尔桑克和美杜塞尔德等地名都源自《贝奥武夫》。《霍比特人》中,换皮人贝奥恩被比作英雄贝奥武夫本人,他们的名字都有“熊”的意思,而且二人都力大无穷。学者将托尔金笔下的怪物与《贝奥武夫》中的怪物进行比较,发现他描绘的食人妖和咕噜与《贝奥武夫》中的怪物格伦德尔相似,恶龙史矛革则与《贝奥武夫》中的龙极为相像。托尔金在写作时多方面参考了《贝奥武夫》,创造出洛汗人;借助古英语设计了洛汗的语言、文化和诗歌等。 (zh)
  • J. R. R. Tolkien, a fantasy author and professional philologist, drew on the Old English poem Beowulf for multiple aspects of his Middle-earth legendarium, alongside other influences. He used elements such as names, monsters, and the structure of society in a heroic age. He emulated its style, creating an impression of depth and adopting an elegiac tone. Tolkien admired the way that Beowulf, written by a Christian looking back at a pagan past, just as he was, embodied a "large symbolism" without ever becoming allegorical. He worked to echo the symbolism of life's road and individual heroism in The Lord of the Rings. (en)
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