The Baksan Neutrino Observatory (BNO; Baksan is sometimes spelled Baxan) is a scientific laboratory of INR RAS located in the Baksan River gorge in the Caucasus mountains in Russia. Cleared for building in 1967, it started operations in 1977, becoming the first such neutrino observatory in the USSR. It consists of the Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope (BUST), located 300 m (980 ft) below the surface,the gallium–germanium neutrino telescope (Soviet–American Gallium Experiment, SAGE) located 4,700 m.w.e. deep (2,100 meters) as well as a number of ground facilities. The Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST) is currently (2019) being conducted at Baksan with aims of understanding sterile neutrinos.
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| - Baksan Neutrino Observatory (en)
- Баксанская нейтринная обсерватория (ru)
- 巴克三微中子觀測所 (zh)
- Баксанська нейтринна обсерваторія (uk)
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| - Бакса́нская нейтри́нная обсерватория (БНО) — физическая обсерватория по изучению нейтрино, расположенная в Баксанском ущелье Кавказского горного хребта, Приэльбрусье (38 км от города Тырныауз, Эльбрусский район, Кабардино-Балкария. (ru)
- 巴克三微中子觀測所 ( Baksan Neutrino Observatory，BNO)是NR RAS的一個科學實驗室，座落於蘇聯高加索山的峽谷。它於1977年開始運作，是前蘇聯這一類觀測所中的第一個。它有一架在巴克三地表之下300公尺的閃爍望遠鏡，位於3,500公尺深處的鎵 - 鍺微中子望遠鏡 (實驗)，和一定數量的地面設施。 (zh)
- The Baksan Neutrino Observatory (BNO; Baksan is sometimes spelled Baxan) is a scientific laboratory of INR RAS located in the Baksan River gorge in the Caucasus mountains in Russia. Cleared for building in 1967, it started operations in 1977, becoming the first such neutrino observatory in the USSR. It consists of the Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope (BUST), located 300 m (980 ft) below the surface,the gallium–germanium neutrino telescope (Soviet–American Gallium Experiment, SAGE) located 4,700 m.w.e. deep (2,100 meters) as well as a number of ground facilities. The Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST) is currently (2019) being conducted at Baksan with aims of understanding sterile neutrinos. (en)
- Бакса́нська нейтри́нна обсерваторія — науковий комплекс, який входить до складу Інституту ядерних досліджень Російської академії наук. Розташована на території Кабардино-Балкарії в Баксанській ущелині неподалік Ельбрусу. Почала діяти 1977 року. Основний напрям досліджень — реєстрація нейтрино та космічних променів високих енергій сонячного і галактичного походження, які виникають під час гравітаційного колапсу зір або спалахів нових чи наднових (Нейтринна астрономія). Головні інструменти: (uk)
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| - The Baksan Neutrino Observatory (BNO; Baksan is sometimes spelled Baxan) is a scientific laboratory of INR RAS located in the Baksan River gorge in the Caucasus mountains in Russia. Cleared for building in 1967, it started operations in 1977, becoming the first such neutrino observatory in the USSR. It consists of the Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope (BUST), located 300 m (980 ft) below the surface,the gallium–germanium neutrino telescope (Soviet–American Gallium Experiment, SAGE) located 4,700 m.w.e. deep (2,100 meters) as well as a number of ground facilities. The Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST) is currently (2019) being conducted at Baksan with aims of understanding sterile neutrinos. The laboratory itself is located in a 4,000 meter long horizontal tunnel mined specifically for this purpose; this is in contrast to most underground physics laboratories which are placed in abandoned or still in-use mines. The entrance of the tunnel is at a valley at 1,700 meters high from sea level and the tunnel itself is located under the 4,000 meters tall mountain Mount Andyrchi. A small town of Neutrino was constructed in the valley in conjunction with the construction of the laboratory to house the scientists and their families. The first experiment undertaken at BNO was not underground; it was the Carpet air-shower cosmic ray experiment in 1973. Carpet relied on liquid scintillator detectors to study cosmic ray air-showers. Carpet also made discoveries of astrophysical importance, such as detecting a giant flare in the Crab Nebula in 1989. The Carpet cosmic ray experiment continues as of 2017, and it is being upgraded in to gamma ray telescope. Further upgrades are also planned. The first underground experiment, the BUST started operations in 1977. It is located 550 meters from the tunnel entrance. It detected neutrinos from the SN1987A supernova. It continues to operate (as of 2017). The next experiment at BNO was the Gallium-Germanium Neutrino Telescope (GGNT) as part of the SAGE experiment. It started operation 1986. It is located 3,500 meters from the tunnel entrance. It continues to operate (as of 2017). In addition to the big experiments BUST and SAGE, a number of smaller experiments that benefit from the low-background location have taken place at BNO; for example, the isotopic composition of the lunar samples brought by Luna-16, Luna-20 and Luna-24 spacecraft was measured in BNO. BNO is also home to the Andyrchi air-shower array, located on the surface above BUST in the mountain slope. The array and BUST work in coincidence. BNO hosts also a small gravitational-wave detector, OGRAN. OGRAN would be capable of registering a galactic supernova, should one occur in the Milky Way. The BNO-observatory is planning (as of 2021) a new major detector, the Baksan Large Underground Scintillation Telescope (BLUST). This detector would consist of huge (10 kilotonnes) amounts of liquid scintillator. It would be located at the end of the laboratory tunnel. It would mainly detect neutrinos. As of 2017, the director of the observatory is Valery Kuzminov. (en)
- Бакса́нская нейтри́нная обсерватория (БНО) — физическая обсерватория по изучению нейтрино, расположенная в Баксанском ущелье Кавказского горного хребта, Приэльбрусье (38 км от города Тырныауз, Эльбрусский район, Кабардино-Балкария. (ru)
- 巴克三微中子觀測所 ( Baksan Neutrino Observatory，BNO)是NR RAS的一個科學實驗室，座落於蘇聯高加索山的峽谷。它於1977年開始運作，是前蘇聯這一類觀測所中的第一個。它有一架在巴克三地表之下300公尺的閃爍望遠鏡，位於3,500公尺深處的鎵 - 鍺微中子望遠鏡 (實驗)，和一定數量的地面設施。 (zh)
- Бакса́нська нейтри́нна обсерваторія — науковий комплекс, який входить до складу Інституту ядерних досліджень Російської академії наук. Розташована на території Кабардино-Балкарії в Баксанській ущелині неподалік Ельбрусу. Почала діяти 1977 року. Основний напрям досліджень — реєстрація нейтрино та космічних променів високих енергій сонячного і галактичного походження, які виникають під час гравітаційного колапсу зір або спалахів нових чи наднових (Нейтринна астрономія). Головні інструменти:
* сцинтиляційний телескоп — великий бетонний блок заввишки 11 м з основою 16х16 метрів. На верхній площині блока та у двох горизонтальних розрізах встановлено 3 200 сцинтиляційних детекторів. Знаходиться на глибині 300 метрів під поверхнею. (uk)
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