Artishia Garcia Gilbert (1868–1904) (also known as Artishia Gilbert-Wilkerson) was an African-American from Kentucky who became probably the first black woman licensed to practice medicine in the state. After obtaining her undergraduate and master's degrees in Kentucky, Gilbert earned her medical degree in Washington, D.C. While continuing her education, Gilbert taught at her alma mater and upon obtaining her license both continued to teach and practiced medicine in Louisville.