An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy is a 1944 study of race relations authored by Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal and funded by Carnegie Corporation of New York. The foundation chose Myrdal because it thought that as a non-American, he could offer a more unbiased opinion. Myrdal's volume, at nearly 1,500 pages, painstakingly detailed what he saw as obstacles to full participation in American society that American blacks faced as of the 1940s. American political scientist, diplomat, and author, Ralph Bunche—who was the first African American to receive a Nobel Prize—served as Gunnar Myrdal's main researcher and writer at the start of the project in the fall of 1938.
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| - An American Dilemma (en)
- An American Dilemma (pt)
- An American Dilemma (sv)
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| - An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy is a 1944 study of race relations authored by Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal and funded by Carnegie Corporation of New York. The foundation chose Myrdal because it thought that as a non-American, he could offer a more unbiased opinion. Myrdal's volume, at nearly 1,500 pages, painstakingly detailed what he saw as obstacles to full participation in American society that American blacks faced as of the 1940s. American political scientist, diplomat, and author, Ralph Bunche—who was the first African American to receive a Nobel Prize—served as Gunnar Myrdal's main researcher and writer at the start of the project in the fall of 1938. (en)
- Dilema Americano: O Problema do Negro e a Democracia Moderna é um estudo de 1944 sobre de autoria do economista sueco Gunnar Myrdal e financiado pela Fundação Carnegie. A fundação escolheu Myrdal porque achava que, como não americano, ele poderia oferecer uma opinião mais imparcial. O volume de Myrdal, com quase 1.500 páginas, detalhava meticulosamente o que ele via como obstáculos à plena participação na sociedade americana que os negros americanos enfrentavam a partir da década de 1940. O cientista político, diplomata e autor americano Ralph Bunche — que foi o primeiro afro-americano a receber um Prêmio Nobel — serviu como principal pesquisador e escritor de Gunnar Myrdal no início do projeto no outono de 1938. (pt)
- An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy är en vetenskaplig studie av Gunnar Myrdal från 1944, som behandlar de svartas situation i dåtidens USA, "negerproblemet". Studien genomfördes mellan 1938 och 1942 och publicerades 1944 i två delar omfattande 1500 sidor. Senare gav Myrdal ut uppföljaren An American Dilemma Revisited, som även utkom i Sverige under titeln "Historien om An American Dilemma" (1987). I denna bok diskuterar han kortfattat tillkomsten av boken och presenterar en analys av den senare utvecklingen av de svartas situation. (sv)
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| - An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy is a 1944 study of race relations authored by Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal and funded by Carnegie Corporation of New York. The foundation chose Myrdal because it thought that as a non-American, he could offer a more unbiased opinion. Myrdal's volume, at nearly 1,500 pages, painstakingly detailed what he saw as obstacles to full participation in American society that American blacks faced as of the 1940s. American political scientist, diplomat, and author, Ralph Bunche—who was the first African American to receive a Nobel Prize—served as Gunnar Myrdal's main researcher and writer at the start of the project in the fall of 1938. It sold over 100,000 copies and went through 25 printings before going into its second edition in 1965. It was enormously influential in how racial issues were viewed in the United States, and it was cited in the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case "in general". The book was generally positive in its outlook on the future of race relations in America, taking the view that democracy would triumph over racism. In many ways it laid the groundwork for future policies of racial integration and affirmative action. (en)
- An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy är en vetenskaplig studie av Gunnar Myrdal från 1944, som behandlar de svartas situation i dåtidens USA, "negerproblemet". Studien genomfördes mellan 1938 och 1942 och publicerades 1944 i två delar omfattande 1500 sidor. Den tvärvetenskapliga studien finansierades av . Myrdal engagerade ett flertal forskare som medarbetare. Boken tes är att det finns en motsättning mellan den rasistiska praktiken i USA och de officiella amerikanska idealen om frihet, jämlikhet och rättvisa. Myrdal tog avstånd från biologiska teser om de svartas påstådda naturliga underlägsenhet. Istället pekade han på diskrimineringen av de svarta, inte minst i sydstaterna. Boken fick stor betydelse för den amerikanska debatten. Många uppskattade Myrdals engagemang för att förbättra de svartas situation. Boken har också haft stor betydelse i den vetenskapliga diskussionen. Undertiteln The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy har också setts som fördomsfull och boken kritiserades av till exempel radikala svarta aktivister under 1960-talet. Det bör dock understrykas att Myrdal inte menade att det var de svarta i USA som var problemet utan de vitas fördomar om dessa. Senare gav Myrdal ut uppföljaren An American Dilemma Revisited, som även utkom i Sverige under titeln "Historien om An American Dilemma" (1987). I denna bok diskuterar han kortfattat tillkomsten av boken och presenterar en analys av den senare utvecklingen av de svartas situation. (sv)
- Dilema Americano: O Problema do Negro e a Democracia Moderna é um estudo de 1944 sobre de autoria do economista sueco Gunnar Myrdal e financiado pela Fundação Carnegie. A fundação escolheu Myrdal porque achava que, como não americano, ele poderia oferecer uma opinião mais imparcial. O volume de Myrdal, com quase 1.500 páginas, detalhava meticulosamente o que ele via como obstáculos à plena participação na sociedade americana que os negros americanos enfrentavam a partir da década de 1940. O cientista político, diplomata e autor americano Ralph Bunche — que foi o primeiro afro-americano a receber um Prêmio Nobel — serviu como principal pesquisador e escritor de Gunnar Myrdal no início do projeto no outono de 1938. O livro vendeu mais de 100.000 cópias e passou por 25 edições antes de entrar em sua segunda edição em 1965. Foi enormemente influente na forma como as questões raciais eram vistas nos Estados Unidos e foi citada no histórico caso Brown v. Caso do Conselho de Educação "em geral". De muitas maneiras, o livro lançou as bases para futuras políticas de ação afirmativa . (pt)
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