. 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"\u0421\u044B\u0433\u043D\u0430\u043A"@ru . . . . . . . "Sighnak"@ca . . "Sighnak fou una antiga ciutat de l'\u00C0sia Central (avui dia al Kazakhstan, \u00F3blast de Khizilord\u00E0) que fou capital de l'Horda Blava (Horda Blanca a les fonts perses) tot i que \u00E9s gaireb\u00E9 desconeguda. El seu districte s'anomenava Farab i estava entre Isfidjab i Djand. El nom en tuc vol dir \"lloc de refugi\" i es dona en altres llocs, especialment a Transcauc\u00E0sia."@ca . . . . . . . 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"POINT(66.958335876465 44.158332824707)"^^ . "\u30B9\u30B0\u30CA\u30AF"@ja . . "53521060"^^ . . . . . "\u6614\u683C\u7D0D\u514B\uFF0C\u662F\u4E2D\u4E9E\u4E00\u500B\u53E4\u8001\u57CE\u5E02\uFF0C\u4F4D\u65BC\u585E\u862D\u548C\u6BE1\u7684\u4E4B\u9593\uFF0C\u5373\u4ECA\u514B\u5B5C\u52D2\u5967\u723E\u9054\u9644\u8FD1\u3002\u5118\u7BA1\u9019\u5EA7\u57CE\u5E02\u5E7E\u4E4E\u9BAE\u70BA\u4EBA\u77E5\uFF0C\u4F46\u5B83\u66FE\u662F\u85CD\u5E33\u6C57\u570B\u9996\u90FD\u3002\u9019\u500B\u540D\u5B57\u7684\u610F\u601D\u662F\u201C\u907F\u96E3\u6240\u201D\u3002\u99AC\u8D6B\u7A46\u5FB7\u00B7\u5580\u4EC0\u5676\u91CC\u660E\u78BA\u6307\u51FA\u9019\u662F\u70CF\u53E4\u65AF\u4EBA\u7684\u57CE\u93AE\u3002 \u5728\u5341\u4E16\u7D00\u6642\uFF0C\u9019\u88E1\u662F\u4F0A\u65AF\u862D\u4E16\u754C\u7684\u908A\u754C\uFF0C\u70CF\u53E4\u65AF\u4EBA\u548C\u5357\u65B9\u7684\u7A46\u65AF\u6797\u570B\u5BB6\u4EA4\u6613\u7522\u54C1\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u4EE5\u5F13\u70BA\u5927\u5B97\u3002\u5728\u5341\u4E8C\u4E16\u7D00\uFF0C\u5B83\u662F\u6B3D\u5BDF-\u5EAB\u66FC\u90A6\u806F\u7684\u9996\u90FD\uFF08\u7576\u6642\u4ECD\u662F\u7570\u6559\u5F92\uFF09\u4E26\u4E14\u53D7\u5230\u7A46\u65AF\u6797\u201C\u52A0\u9F4A\u201D\u8972\u64CA\u3002\u5DF2\u77E5\u81F3\u5C11\u66FE\u6709\u5169\u6B21\u5165\u4FB5\uFF0C\u4E00\u6B21\u767C\u751F\u57281152\u5E74\uFF0C\u4E00\u6B21\u767C\u751F\u57281195\u5E74\uFF0C\u4E26\u8207\u82B1\u524C\u5B50\u6A21\u5E1D\u570B\u6709\u95DC\u3002 \u572813\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\uFF0C\u963F\u62C9\u4E4C\u4E01\u00B7\u6469\u8BC3\u672B\u5F81\u670D\u8A72\u57CE\u4E26\u4F75\u5165\u5E1D\u570B\uFF0C\u57281220\u5E74\u6210\u5409\u601D\u6C57\u570D\u56F0\u5F8C\u5F81\u670D\u4E86\u8A72\u5730\u5340\u3002\u4EBA\u53E3\u88AB\u5C60\u6BBA\uFF08\u5F8C\u5283\u5165\u85CD\u5E33\u6C57\u570B\uFF09\u3002 \u572814\u4E16\u7D00\u5F8C\u671F\u88AB\u4F75\u5165\u5E16\u6728\u5152\u5E1D\u570B\uFF0C\u57281428\u5E74\u516B\u524C\u6C57\u5411\u6C99\u54C8\u9B6F\u7D22\u8981\u8A72\u57CE\u4F46\u88AB\u62D2\u7D55\uFF0C\u516B\u524C\u6C57\u6253\u6557\u5E16\u6728\u5152\u5E1D\u570B\u4E26\u4F54\u9818\u8A72\u57CE\uFF08\u57281428\u5E74\u4ED6\u6B7B\u5F8C\u5E16\u6728\u5152\u5E1D\u570B\u6536\u56DE\u8A72\u57CE\uFF09\u3002\u4E4B\u5F8C\u6614\u73ED\u5BB6\u65CF\u70CF\u8332\u5225\u514B\u6C57\u570B\u7684\u5EFA\u7ACB\u8005\u963F\u5E03\u6D77\u5152\u65BC1446\u5E74\u653B\u64CA\u8A72\u57CE\uFF08\u6614\u73ED\u5C3C\u751F\u65BC\u6B64\u5730\uFF09\uFF0C\u4E4B\u5F8C\u53C8\u53D7\u5361\u723E\u6885\u514B\u4EBA\u653B\u64CA\u3002\u572816\u4E16\u7D00\uFF0C\u5B83\u5C6C\u65BC\u54C8\u85A9\u514B\u6C57\u570B\uFF0C\u4F46\u5931\u53BB\u4E86\u91CD\u8981\u6027\uFF0C\u4E26\u6700\u7D42\u6D88\u5931\u4E86\u3002"@zh . "44.15833282470703"^^ . . . . . . "\u30B9\u30B0\u30CA\u30AF\uFF08\u30AB\u30B6\u30D5\u8A9E: Sy\u011Fanaq / \u0421\u044B\u0493\u0430\u043D\u0430\u049B\u3001\u30A6\u30BA\u30D9\u30AF\u8A9E: Sig\u02BBnoq / \u0421\u0438\u0493\u043D\u043E\u049B\u3001\u30DA\u30EB\u30B7\u30A2\u8A9E: \u0633\u06CC\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0642\u200E\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u4E2D\u592E\u30A2\u30B8\u30A2\uFF08\u73FE\u5728\u306E\u30AB\u30B6\u30D5\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\u306E\u30AF\u30BA\u30ED\u30EB\u30C0\u5DDE\uFF09\u306B\u304B\u3064\u3066\u5B58\u5728\u3057\u305F\u90FD\u5E02\u300214\u4E16\u7D00\u304B\u308915\u4E16\u7D00\u306B\u304B\u3051\u3066\u30AA\u30EB\u30C0\u30FB\u30A6\u30EB\u30B9\uFF1D\u9752\u5E33\u30CF\u30F3\u56FD\u306E\u9996\u90FD\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u304C\u3001\u30AB\u30B6\u30D5\u30FB\u30CF\u30F3\u56FD\u306E\u6210\u7ACB\u5F8C\u306B\u8870\u9000\u3057\u305F\u3002\u9752\u5E33\u30CF\u30F3\u56FD\u306B\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306F\u653F\u6CBB\u30FB\u7D4C\u6E08\u30FB\u5B97\u6559\u306E\u4E2D\u5FC3\u5730\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u6700\u76DB\u671F\u306E\u30B9\u30B0\u30CA\u30AF\u306F\u300C\u30AD\u30D7\u30C1\u30E3\u30AF\u8349\u539F\u306E\u6E2F\uFF08Bsndar-i Dasht-i Qibch\u0101q\uFF09\u300D\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u300C\u30AD\u30D7\u30C1\u30E3\u30AF\u8349\u539F\u306E\u738B\u8005\u305F\u3061\u306E\u9996\u90FD\u300D\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002 \u30B9\u30B0\u30CA\u30AF\u306E\u7DB4\u308A\u30FB\u8AAD\u307F\u306F\u6642\u671F\u30FB\u5730\u57DF\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u69D8\u3005\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u73FE\u4EE3\u30AB\u30B6\u30D5\u8A9E\u3067\u306F\u300C\u30B5\u30AC\u30CA\u30AF\uFF08\u0421\u044B\u0493\u0430\u043D\u0430\u049B\uFF09\u300D\u3001\u30A2\u30E9\u30D3\u30A2\u6587\u5B57\u8868\u8A18\u306B\u57FA\u3065\u304F\u767A\u97F3\u3067\u306F\u300C\u30B9\u30A3\u30FC\u30B0\u30CA\u30FC\u30AF\uFF08s\u012Bghn\u0101q\uFF09\u300D\u3001\u300C\u30B9\u30B0\u30CA\u30FC\u30AF\uFF08sughn\u0101q\uFF09\u300D\u3068\u3082\u8868\u8A18\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "\u30B9\u30B0\u30CA\u30AF\uFF08\u30AB\u30B6\u30D5\u8A9E: Sy\u011Fanaq / \u0421\u044B\u0493\u0430\u043D\u0430\u049B\u3001\u30A6\u30BA\u30D9\u30AF\u8A9E: Sig\u02BBnoq / \u0421\u0438\u0493\u043D\u043E\u049B\u3001\u30DA\u30EB\u30B7\u30A2\u8A9E: \u0633\u06CC\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0642\u200E\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u4E2D\u592E\u30A2\u30B8\u30A2\uFF08\u73FE\u5728\u306E\u30AB\u30B6\u30D5\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\u306E\u30AF\u30BA\u30ED\u30EB\u30C0\u5DDE\uFF09\u306B\u304B\u3064\u3066\u5B58\u5728\u3057\u305F\u90FD\u5E02\u300214\u4E16\u7D00\u304B\u308915\u4E16\u7D00\u306B\u304B\u3051\u3066\u30AA\u30EB\u30C0\u30FB\u30A6\u30EB\u30B9\uFF1D\u9752\u5E33\u30CF\u30F3\u56FD\u306E\u9996\u90FD\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u304C\u3001\u30AB\u30B6\u30D5\u30FB\u30CF\u30F3\u56FD\u306E\u6210\u7ACB\u5F8C\u306B\u8870\u9000\u3057\u305F\u3002\u9752\u5E33\u30CF\u30F3\u56FD\u306B\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306F\u653F\u6CBB\u30FB\u7D4C\u6E08\u30FB\u5B97\u6559\u306E\u4E2D\u5FC3\u5730\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u6700\u76DB\u671F\u306E\u30B9\u30B0\u30CA\u30AF\u306F\u300C\u30AD\u30D7\u30C1\u30E3\u30AF\u8349\u539F\u306E\u6E2F\uFF08Bsndar-i Dasht-i Qibch\u0101q\uFF09\u300D\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u300C\u30AD\u30D7\u30C1\u30E3\u30AF\u8349\u539F\u306E\u738B\u8005\u305F\u3061\u306E\u9996\u90FD\u300D\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002 \u30B9\u30B0\u30CA\u30AF\u306E\u7DB4\u308A\u30FB\u8AAD\u307F\u306F\u6642\u671F\u30FB\u5730\u57DF\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u69D8\u3005\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u73FE\u4EE3\u30AB\u30B6\u30D5\u8A9E\u3067\u306F\u300C\u30B5\u30AC\u30CA\u30AF\uFF08\u0421\u044B\u0493\u0430\u043D\u0430\u049B\uFF09\u300D\u3001\u30A2\u30E9\u30D3\u30A2\u6587\u5B57\u8868\u8A18\u306B\u57FA\u3065\u304F\u767A\u97F3\u3067\u306F\u300C\u30B9\u30A3\u30FC\u30B0\u30CA\u30FC\u30AF\uFF08s\u012Bghn\u0101q\uFF09\u300D\u3001\u300C\u30B9\u30B0\u30CA\u30FC\u30AF\uFF08sughn\u0101q\uFF09\u300D\u3068\u3082\u8868\u8A18\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . "\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043D\u0430\u0301\u043A \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0432 \u041A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u0437\u0430 18 \u043A\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0422\u044E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044C-\u0410\u0440\u0438\u043A. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0435 \u0437 5\u20138 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u044C, \u0432 11 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u044F \u043A\u0438\u043F\u0447\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0432. \u0412 1219 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0433\u043E\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044F. \u0412 13\u201315 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u044F \u0411\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0457 \u041E\u0440\u0434\u0438. \u0412 15-\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043E\u044E \u0443\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0432, \u0430 \u0432 16-\u043C\u0443 \u2014 \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043E\u044E \u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0432. \u041E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u043E\u044E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043E\u044E 17-\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F. \u0417\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0448\u043A\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043D \u0437 15 \u0431\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u043E\u0442\u043E\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0435 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E (\u0448\u0430\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D) \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0449\u0435\u044E \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 10 \u0433\u0430, \u0437\u0435\u043C\u043B\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u043B, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044F (\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0434) \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0449\u0435\u044E \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 13 \u0433\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0440\u0443\u0457\u043D\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044C 14\u201316 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u044C."@uk . "Sighnak fou una antiga ciutat de l'\u00C0sia Central (avui dia al Kazakhstan, \u00F3blast de Khizilord\u00E0) que fou capital de l'Horda Blava (Horda Blanca a les fonts perses) tot i que \u00E9s gaireb\u00E9 desconeguda. El seu districte s'anomenava Farab i estava entre Isfidjab i Djand. El nom en tuc vol dir \"lloc de refugi\" i es dona en altres llocs, especialment a Transcauc\u00E0sia. Segons Hathon estava situada a les muntanyes de Kara Tau (Kara Tagh) en les que neix el riu Kara Ichuk, afluent del Sirdari\u00E0. Klaproth diu que la ciutat estava situada a la riba del Mutkan, un afluent per la dreta del Sirdari\u00E0 que tenia el seu naixement a les per\u00F2 no esmenta la seva font. Xerif al-Din parla de i Sighnak com a dues ciutats de frontera del Turquestan i diu que Sighnak estava situada a 40 km d'Otrar; el llibre biogr\u00E0fic anomenat Tabakatol hanefiyet, de Ketevi, la situa prop de la ciutat de Yassy, moderna Turquestan. L'hongar\u00E8s Vambery, sense esmentar la font, diu que estava unida a Jand per un canal. Sembla que fou un dels habitants turcs principals de la regi\u00F3 a l'est de la mar C\u00E0spia junt amb Yengikent, Sawran o Sabran i algun altra. Mahmud Kashghari diu expressament que era una vila dels oghuz i l'associa tamb\u00E9 amb Otrar que diu estava \"24 farsakhs m\u00E9s amunt pujant el riu Sirdari\u00E0\". De totes aquestes informacions semblava que el lloc m\u00E9s adient era la rodalia de Babai Kurgan i finalment les ru\u00EFnes foren identificades a Sunak Kurgan uns quil\u00F2metres al nord-est de Tiumen Arik en la via f\u00E8rria Orenburg-Taixkent. Es creu que al segle x era una ciutat semisedentar\u00E0ria dels turcs oghuz prop de la frontera, on canviaven els seus productes amb els procedents dels estats musulmans del sud. Els hudud al-alam assenyalen que s'hi fabricaven arcs per exportar. La regi\u00F3 fou coneguda com Dar al-Kufr. Al segle xii era capital d'un estat (kanat) dels quiptxaq, encara pagans, i era objecte d'incursions de ghazis, o almenys es coneixen no menys de dues incursions (ghazawat), una el 1152 i una el 1195, procedents de Khwarizm, la segona quan governava a Sighnak el kan Kayir Toku Khan. Per\u00F2 a comen\u00E7ament del segle XIII Ala al-Din Muhammad va conquerir el pa\u00EDs i el va annexionar al seu imperi, per passar al cap de pocs anys a mans de Genguis Khan, que la va conquerir despr\u00E9s d'un setge el 1220, sent la poblaci\u00F3 massacrada. Annexionada per Tamerl\u00E0 a finals del segle xiv, el 1427 el kan Burrak Khan de l'Horda Blava i l'Horda d'Or la va reclamar a Xah Rukh fill de Tamerl\u00E0, que li va refusar; Burrak va derrotar els tim\u00FArides i la va ocupar; els tim\u00FArides la van recuperar despr\u00E9s de la seva mort (vers 1428) per\u00F2 Abu l-Khayr, fundador del kanat Uzbek, la va conquerir altre cop el 1446. El 1457 s'hi va lliurar a 7 km al sud la batalla Kuk Kashanah o K\u00F6k Ka\u0161ane en qu\u00E8 els calmucs van derrotar els uzbeks i Abu l-Khayr va haver d'acceptar la pau que el cap calmuc Uz Timur li va oferir. A la comarca de Sighnak va n\u00E9ixer Muh\u00E0mmad Xibani el refundador del . Al segle xvi pertanyia als kazakhs i va perdre import\u00E0ncia fins a desapar\u00E8ixer."@ca . . . . "4475"^^ . . . . . . . "44.15833333333333 66.95833333333333" . "\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043D\u0430\u0301\u043A \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0432 \u041A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u0437\u0430 18 \u043A\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0422\u044E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044C-\u0410\u0440\u0438\u043A. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0435 \u0437 5\u20138 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u044C, \u0432 11 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u044F \u043A\u0438\u043F\u0447\u0430\u043A\u0456\u0432. \u0412 1219 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0433\u043E\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044F. \u0412 13\u201315 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u044F \u0411\u0456\u043B\u043E\u0457 \u041E\u0440\u0434\u0438. \u0412 15-\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043E\u044E \u0443\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0432, \u0430 \u0432 16-\u043C\u0443 \u2014 \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u043E\u044E \u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0432. \u041E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u043E\u044E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043E\u044E 17-\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F."@uk . "\u0421\u044B\u0433\u043D\u0430\u043A (\u0421\u044B\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043A, \u0421\u0443\u0433\u043D\u0430\u043A, \u0421\u0443\u043D\u0430\u043A, \u0421\u0443\u043D\u0430\u0445, \u0421\u0443\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0421\u0443\u043D\u0430\u043A-\u0410\u0442\u0430, \u0421\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043A; \u043A\u0430\u0437. \u0421\u044B\u0493\u0430\u043D\u0430\u049B) \u2014 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434 \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u041A\u044B\u0437\u044B\u043B\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430, \u0432 20 \u043A\u043C \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043A\u0438 \u0421\u044B\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044C\u044F, \u043D\u044B\u043D\u0435 \u0421\u0443\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0412\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A \u043F\u0430\u043C\u044F\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044B \u041A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u0413\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434 \u0421\u044B\u0433\u043D\u0430\u043A \u0431\u044B\u043B \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0442\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0448\u0451\u043B\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0438. \u0412 1469\u20141511 \u0438 1521\u20141599 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0421\u044B\u0433\u043D\u0430\u043A \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u041A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0445\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0430 \u0432 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434\u044B \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0411\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0439 \u041E\u0440\u0434\u044B \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044B\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u044B\u043F\u0447\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432."@ru . "\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043D\u0430\u043A (\u041A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D)"@uk . . "66.95833587646484"^^ . "Sighnaq (Kazakh: \u0421\u044B\u0493\u0430\u043D\u0430\u049B, romanized: Sy\u011Fanaq; Uzbek: Sig\u02BBnoq) was an ancient city in Central Asia (in modern Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda Region), it was the capital of the Blue Horde (i.e., the White Horde of Persian sources), although the city is almost unknown. The region in which Sighnaq was situated was called Farab, it was located between Isfijab and Jand. The name means 'place of refuge', a name that is found also in other regions, especially in Transcaucasia."@en . "1082330980"^^ . "Sighnaq"@en . . . . . "Sighnaq (Kazakh: \u0421\u044B\u0493\u0430\u043D\u0430\u049B, romanized: Sy\u011Fanaq; Uzbek: Sig\u02BBnoq) was an ancient city in Central Asia (in modern Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda Region), it was the capital of the Blue Horde (i.e., the White Horde of Persian sources), although the city is almost unknown. The region in which Sighnaq was situated was called Farab, it was located between Isfijab and Jand. The name means 'place of refuge', a name that is found also in other regions, especially in Transcaucasia. According to Hathon, Sighnaq was located in the Karatau Mountains, from where the river Kara Ichuk, a tributary of Syr Darya, emanates. Klaproth says that the city was located on the banks of Mutkan, a right hand side tributary of Syr Darya, that emanates from the Karatau mountains, but he does not mention his source. Sherif al-Din speaks of Sabran and Sighnaq as two border cities of Turkestan and says that Sighnaq was located 40 km from Otrar; the biographical book called Tabakatol hanefiyet, by Ketevi, placed it near the town of Yassy (i.e. the modern city of Turkistan). The 19th century Hungarian turkologist and traveller V\u00E1mb\u00E9ry says, without mentioning the source, that Jand was connected to a channel. It seems to have been one of the main Turkish settlements of the region east of the Caspian Sea together with Yengikent, Sawran or Sabran and others. Mahmud Kashghari expressly stated it was a town of the Oghuz, al-Muqaddasi also associates it with Otrar and says that it was \"24 farsakhs further up the Syr Darya\". On the basis of all of this information, the most reasonable localization appears to be the area around Babai Kurgan, and finally, Sunak Kurgan, a few kilometers northeast of Tyumen Arik along the Orenburg-Tashkent railway, was identified as the ruins of Sighnaq. It is believed that in the tenth century there was a semi-sedentary city of the Oghuz Turks near the border, where they exchanged their products with those of Muslim states to the South. The Hudud al-'Alam indicates that bows were manufactured for export. The region was known as Dar al-Kufr. In the twelfth century it was the capital of the khanate of Kipchak (still pagan), and was exposed to raids of the 'ghazis'. At least two incursions (ghazawat) are known, one in 1152 and one in 1195, from Khwarezm, the second one occurred while Kayir Toku Khan ruled Sighnaq. However, at the beginning of the thirteenth century Ala al-Din Muhammad conquered the land and annexed it to his empire; a few years later, his rule was replaced with that of Genghis Khan, who conquered the region after a siege in 1220. The population was massacred. Annexed by Tamerlane (of the Timurid dynasty) in the late fourteenth century, in 1427, Baraq Khan, khan of the Blue Horde and also of the Golden Horde, claimed Sighnaq from Shah Rukh, the son of Tamerlane, who refused; Baraq defeated the Timurids and occupied the city; the Timurids recovered it after his death (circa 1428), but Abu'l-Khayr, founder of the Uzbek Khanate, conquered it in turn in 1446. In 1457 the battle of Kuk Kashanah, or K\u00F6k Ka\u0161ane, took place 7 km to the South, in which the Kalmyks defeated the Uzbeks and Abu'l-Khayr had to accept whatever peace Uz Timur the Kalmyk would offer. Muhammad Shaybani, refounder of the Uzbek khanate, was born in the region of Sighnaq. In the sixteenth century it belonged to the Kazakhs, but it lost importance and eventually disappeared."@en . . . "\u6614\u683C\u7D0D\u514B"@zh . . . . . . . . .