. . . . "1877\u5E74\u94C1\u8DEF\u5927\u7F62\u5DE5\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AGreat Railroad Strike of 1877\uFF09\uFF0C\u4EA6\u7A31\u201C\u5927\u52A8\u4E71\u201D\uFF08Great Upheaval\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\uFF08B&O\uFF09\u5C6C\u4E0B\u54E1\u5DE5\u65BC1877\u5E74\u8209\u884C\u7684\u7F77\u5DE5\u884C\u52D5\u3002 1877\u5E74\uFF0C\u9435\u8DEF\u516C\u53F8\u4E09\u5EA6\u524A\u51CF\u5DE5\u8D44\uFF0C\u5C0E\u81F4\u5DE5\u4EBA\u65BC7\u670814\u65E5\u5728\u767C\u8D77\u6301\u7E8C45\u5929\u7684\u7F77\u5DE5\u3002\u7531\u65BC\u7ECF\u6D4E\u95EE\u9898\u548C\u5DE5\u8D44\u538B\u529B\uFF0C\u5176\u4ED6\u57CE\u5E02\u5305\u62EC\u7EBD\u7EA6\u5DDE\u3001\u5BBE\u5915\u6CD5\u5C3C\u4E9A\u5DDE\u3001\u9A6C\u91CC\u5170\u5DDE\u3001\u4F0A\u5229\u8BFA\u4F0A\u5DDE\u548C\u5BC6\u82CF\u91CC\u5DDE\u4EA6\u6709\u5DE5\u4EBA\u767C\u8D77\u7F62\u5DE5\u3002\u5728\u7F77\u5DE5\u6D3B\u52D5\u7684\u9AD8\u5CF0\u671F\uFF0C\u6709\u7D0410\u4E07\u540D\u5DE5\u4EBA\u53C3\u8207\u3002\u4E0D\u5C11\u5EFA\u7B51\u5DE5\u5177\u548C\u94C1\u8DEF\u8F66\u8F86\u5728\u7F77\u5DE5\u6D3B\u52D5\u4E2D\u88AB\u7834\u58DE\u548C\u711A\u6BC0\uFF0C\u4F30\u8BA1\u6709100\u4EBA\u4E27\u751F\u3002\u7576\u5730\u5E02\u653F\u5E9C\u548C\u5DDE\u653F\u5E9C\u5728\u56FD\u6C11\u8B66\u536B\u961F\u3001\u8054\u90A6\u519B\u961F\u548C\u94C1\u8DEF\u516C\u53F8\u7EC4\u7EC7\u7684\u79C1\u4EBA\u6C11\u5175\u534F\u52A9\u4E0B\uFF0C\u4EE5\u6B66\u88C5\u6C11\u5175\u5BF9\u6297\u5DE5\u4EBA\u3002\u52A0\u4E0A\u8054\u90A6\u519B\u961F\u5728\u591A\u500B\u5730\u70B9\u63A1\u53D6\u5E72\u9884\u5DE5\u4EBA\u7684\u884C\u70BA\uFF0C\u5927\u90E8\u5206\u52A8\u4E71\u57288\u6708\u521D\u6210\u529F\u88AB\u9547\u538B\u3002 1800\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF0C\u5DE5\u4EBA\u4E26\u6CA1\u6709\u5DE5\u4F1A\u4EE3\u8868\uFF0C\u672A\u80FD\u900F\u904E\u5DE5\u6703\u9032\u884C\u6E9D\u901A\u3002\u5176\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5DE5\u4EBA\u81EA\u884C\u7EC4\u7EC7\u5DE5\u4F1A\u4EE5\u4E89\u53D6\u66F4\u4F73\u5DE5\u8D44\u548C\u5DE5\u4F5C\u6761\u4EF6\u3002\u4E0D\u5C11\u57CE\u5E02\u64D4\u5FC3\u793E\u4F1A\u51FA\u73FE\u6DF7\u4E71\u800C\u4FEE\u5EFA\u6765\u652F\u6301\u5404\u81EA\u7684\u6C11\u5175\u7D44\u7E54\uFF0C\u9632\u5FA1\u5EFA\u7B51\u81F3\u4ECA\u4ECD\u662F\u9547\u538B\u7576\u6642\u52B3\u5DE5\u52A8\u4E71\u7684\u8C61\u5F81\u3002 \u4E00\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u7F77\u5DE5\u4EE4\u5F53\u5730\u4EBA\u62C5\u5FC3\u5DE5\u4EBA\u6703\u50CF1871\u5E74\u5DF4\u9ECE\u516C\u793E\u822C\u5D1B\u8D77\u3002\u53E6\u4E00\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u516C\u4F17\u5BF9\u5DE5\u4EBA\u5DE5\u8D44\u548C\u5DE5\u4F5C\u6761\u4EF6\u7684\u5173\u6CE8\u4E5F\u63D0\u9AD8\u4E86\u30021880\u5E74\uFF0CB&O\u6210\u7ACB\u4E86\u5458\u5DE5\u6551\u6D4E\u534F\u4F1A\uFF0C\u5411\u5DE5\u4EBA\u63D0\u4F9B\u6B7B\u4EA1\u798F\u5229\u548C\u533B\u7597\u4FDD\u5065\u3002\u9435\u8DEF\u516C\u53F8\u57281884\u5E74\u4EA6\u8A2D\u7ACB\u5DE5\u4EBA\u517B\u8001\u91D1\u8BA1\u5212\u3002\u5176\u4ED6\u6539\u5584\u63AA\u65BD\u5247\u9700\u8981\u7ECF\u6D4E\u589E\u957F\u548C\u5DE5\u8D44\u589E\u957F\u624D\u80FD\u5BE6\u65BD\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1877\u5E74\u306E\u9244\u9053\u5927\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30A4\u30AD\uFF081877\u306D\u3093\u306E\u3066\u3064\u3069\u3046\u3060\u3044\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30A4\u30AD\u3001\u82F1:Great Railroad Strike of 1877\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u30A6\u30A8\u30B9\u30C8\u30D0\u30FC\u30B8\u30CB\u30A2\u5DDE\u30DE\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30BA\u30D0\u30FC\u30B0\u30671877\u5E747\u670814\u65E5\u306B\u59CB\u307E\u308A\u3001\u5730\u5143\u3084\u5DDE\u306E\u6C11\u5175\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306B\u306F\u9023\u90A6\u8ECD\u306B\u93AE\u5727\u3055\u308C\u308B\u307E\u306745\u65E5\u9593\u7D9A\u3044\u305F\u9244\u9053\u52B4\u50CD\u8005\u306E\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30A4\u30AD\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Gran vaga del ferrocarril"@ca . . . . . . "Burdinbideko Greba Handia 1877an Estatu Batuetan izandako bat-bateko protesta oldea da, eta herrialdea zeharkatzen zuten burdinbide konboiak blokeatu zituen."@eu . . . . . . . . . "Great Railroad Strike of 1877"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Unofficial militias"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1877\u5E74\u306E\u9244\u9053\u5927\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30A4\u30AD\uFF081877\u306D\u3093\u306E\u3066\u3064\u3069\u3046\u3060\u3044\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30A4\u30AD\u3001\u82F1:Great Railroad Strike of 1877\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u30A6\u30A8\u30B9\u30C8\u30D0\u30FC\u30B8\u30CB\u30A2\u5DDE\u30DE\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30BA\u30D0\u30FC\u30B0\u30671877\u5E747\u670814\u65E5\u306B\u59CB\u307E\u308A\u3001\u5730\u5143\u3084\u5DDE\u306E\u6C11\u5175\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306B\u306F\u9023\u90A6\u8ECD\u306B\u93AE\u5727\u3055\u308C\u308B\u307E\u306745\u65E5\u9593\u7D9A\u3044\u305F\u9244\u9053\u52B4\u50CD\u8005\u306E\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30A4\u30AD\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "Great Railroad Strike of 1877"@en . . . "The Great Railroad Strike of 1877, sometimes referred to as the Great Upheaval, began on July 14 in Martinsburg, West Virginia, after the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) cut wages for the third time in a year. This strike finally ended 52 days later, after it was put down by unofficial militias, the National Guard, and federal troops. Because of economic problems and pressure on wages by the railroads, workers in numerous other cities, in New York, Pennsylvania and Maryland, into Illinois and Missouri, also went out on strike. An estimated 100 people were killed in the unrest across the country. In Martinsburg, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia and other cities, workers burned down and destroyed both physical facilities and the rolling stock of the railroads\u2014engines and railroad cars. Local populations feared that workers were rising in revolution such as the Paris Commune of 1871. At the time, the workers were not represented by trade unions. The city and state governments were aided by unofficial militias, the National Guard, federal troops and private militias organized by the railroads, who all fought against the workers. Disruption was widespread and at its height, the strikes were supported by about 100,000 workers. With the intervention of federal troops in several locations, most of the strikes were suppressed by early August. Labor continued to work to organize into unions to work for better wages and conditions. Fearing the social disruption, many cities built armories to support the local National Guard units; these defensive buildings still stand as symbols of the effort to suppress the labor unrest of this period. With public attention on workers' wages and conditions, the B&O in 1880 founded an Employee Relief Association to provide death benefits and some health care. In 1884, it established a worker pension plan. Other improvements were implemented later."@en . . "Federal troops"@en . . "3587056"^^ . . "Railroad workers; Workingmen's Party"@en . . . "1877\u5E74\u94C1\u8DEF\u5927\u7F62\u5DE5\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AGreat Railroad Strike of 1877\uFF09\uFF0C\u4EA6\u7A31\u201C\u5927\u52A8\u4E71\u201D\uFF08Great Upheaval\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\uFF08B&O\uFF09\u5C6C\u4E0B\u54E1\u5DE5\u65BC1877\u5E74\u8209\u884C\u7684\u7F77\u5DE5\u884C\u52D5\u3002 1877\u5E74\uFF0C\u9435\u8DEF\u516C\u53F8\u4E09\u5EA6\u524A\u51CF\u5DE5\u8D44\uFF0C\u5C0E\u81F4\u5DE5\u4EBA\u65BC7\u670814\u65E5\u5728\u767C\u8D77\u6301\u7E8C45\u5929\u7684\u7F77\u5DE5\u3002\u7531\u65BC\u7ECF\u6D4E\u95EE\u9898\u548C\u5DE5\u8D44\u538B\u529B\uFF0C\u5176\u4ED6\u57CE\u5E02\u5305\u62EC\u7EBD\u7EA6\u5DDE\u3001\u5BBE\u5915\u6CD5\u5C3C\u4E9A\u5DDE\u3001\u9A6C\u91CC\u5170\u5DDE\u3001\u4F0A\u5229\u8BFA\u4F0A\u5DDE\u548C\u5BC6\u82CF\u91CC\u5DDE\u4EA6\u6709\u5DE5\u4EBA\u767C\u8D77\u7F62\u5DE5\u3002\u5728\u7F77\u5DE5\u6D3B\u52D5\u7684\u9AD8\u5CF0\u671F\uFF0C\u6709\u7D0410\u4E07\u540D\u5DE5\u4EBA\u53C3\u8207\u3002\u4E0D\u5C11\u5EFA\u7B51\u5DE5\u5177\u548C\u94C1\u8DEF\u8F66\u8F86\u5728\u7F77\u5DE5\u6D3B\u52D5\u4E2D\u88AB\u7834\u58DE\u548C\u711A\u6BC0\uFF0C\u4F30\u8BA1\u6709100\u4EBA\u4E27\u751F\u3002\u7576\u5730\u5E02\u653F\u5E9C\u548C\u5DDE\u653F\u5E9C\u5728\u56FD\u6C11\u8B66\u536B\u961F\u3001\u8054\u90A6\u519B\u961F\u548C\u94C1\u8DEF\u516C\u53F8\u7EC4\u7EC7\u7684\u79C1\u4EBA\u6C11\u5175\u534F\u52A9\u4E0B\uFF0C\u4EE5\u6B66\u88C5\u6C11\u5175\u5BF9\u6297\u5DE5\u4EBA\u3002\u52A0\u4E0A\u8054\u90A6\u519B\u961F\u5728\u591A\u500B\u5730\u70B9\u63A1\u53D6\u5E72\u9884\u5DE5\u4EBA\u7684\u884C\u70BA\uFF0C\u5927\u90E8\u5206\u52A8\u4E71\u57288\u6708\u521D\u6210\u529F\u88AB\u9547\u538B\u3002 1800\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF0C\u5DE5\u4EBA\u4E26\u6CA1\u6709\u5DE5\u4F1A\u4EE3\u8868\uFF0C\u672A\u80FD\u900F\u904E\u5DE5\u6703\u9032\u884C\u6E9D\u901A\u3002\u5176\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5DE5\u4EBA\u81EA\u884C\u7EC4\u7EC7\u5DE5\u4F1A\u4EE5\u4E89\u53D6\u66F4\u4F73\u5DE5\u8D44\u548C\u5DE5\u4F5C\u6761\u4EF6\u3002\u4E0D\u5C11\u57CE\u5E02\u64D4\u5FC3\u793E\u4F1A\u51FA\u73FE\u6DF7\u4E71\u800C\u4FEE\u5EFA\u6765\u652F\u6301\u5404\u81EA\u7684\u6C11\u5175\u7D44\u7E54\uFF0C\u9632\u5FA1\u5EFA\u7B51\u81F3\u4ECA\u4ECD\u662F\u9547\u538B\u7576\u6642\u52B3\u5DE5\u52A8\u4E71\u7684\u8C61\u5F81\u3002 \u4E00\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u7F77\u5DE5\u4EE4\u5F53\u5730\u4EBA\u62C5\u5FC3\u5DE5\u4EBA\u6703\u50CF1871\u5E74\u5DF4\u9ECE\u516C\u793E\u822C\u5D1B\u8D77\u3002\u53E6\u4E00\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u516C\u4F17\u5BF9\u5DE5\u4EBA\u5DE5\u8D44\u548C\u5DE5\u4F5C\u6761\u4EF6\u7684\u5173\u6CE8\u4E5F\u63D0\u9AD8\u4E86\u30021880\u5E74\uFF0CB&O\u6210\u7ACB\u4E86\u5458\u5DE5\u6551\u6D4E\u534F\u4F1A\uFF0C\u5411\u5DE5\u4EBA\u63D0\u4F9B\u6B7B\u4EA1\u798F\u5229\u548C\u533B\u7597\u4FDD\u5065\u3002\u9435\u8DEF\u516C\u53F8\u57281884\u5E74\u4EA6\u8A2D\u7ACB\u5DE5\u4EBA\u517B\u8001\u91D1\u8BA1\u5212\u3002\u5176\u4ED6\u6539\u5584\u63AA\u65BD\u5247\u9700\u8981\u7ECF\u6D4E\u589E\u957F\u548C\u5DE5\u8D44\u589E\u957F\u624D\u80FD\u5BE6\u65BD\u3002"@zh . . . . "Wage increases"@en . . "1877\u5E74\u306E\u9244\u9053\u5927\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30A4\u30AD"@ja . . "National Guard"@en . . . . . . . "1123220067"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La gran vaga del ferrocarril \u00E9s el nom que rep un conjunt de protestes espont\u00E0nies que van tenir lloc als Estats Units en 1877 i que consistien a bloquejar els combois de ferrocarril que travessaven el pa\u00EDs."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "--07-14"^^ . . . "Burdinbideko Greba Handia 1877an Estatu Batuetan izandako bat-bateko protesta oldea da, eta herrialdea zeharkatzen zuten burdinbide konboiak blokeatu zituen."@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Great Railroad Strike of 1877, sometimes referred to as the Great Upheaval, began on July 14 in Martinsburg, West Virginia, after the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) cut wages for the third time in a year. This strike finally ended 52 days later, after it was put down by unofficial militias, the National Guard, and federal troops. Because of economic problems and pressure on wages by the railroads, workers in numerous other cities, in New York, Pennsylvania and Maryland, into Illinois and Missouri, also went out on strike. An estimated 100 people were killed in the unrest across the country. In Martinsburg, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia and other cities, workers burned down and destroyed both physical facilities and the rolling stock of the railroads\u2014engines and railroad cars. Local popul"@en . . . . . "--07-16"^^ . . . . "41694"^^ . . . . . . . . "City police"@en . . . . . . . . "1877ko trenbideko greba handia (AEB)"@eu . . "1877\u5E74\u94C1\u8DEF\u5927\u7F62\u5DE5"@zh . . . . . . "La gran vaga del ferrocarril \u00E9s el nom que rep un conjunt de protestes espont\u00E0nies que van tenir lloc als Estats Units en 1877 i que consistien a bloquejar els combois de ferrocarril que travessaven el pa\u00EDs."@ca . .