. "Ekran (en russe : \u042D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D, \u00AB \u00E9cran \u00BB) est une famille de satellites de t\u00E9l\u00E9communications sovi\u00E9tiques puis russes plac\u00E9s en orbite g\u00E9ostationnaire, con\u00E7us pour un syst\u00E8me national de t\u00E9l\u00E9vision par satellite. Le premier satellite de la s\u00E9rie Ekran a \u00E9t\u00E9 lanc\u00E9 en 1976. Chaque satellite de la s\u00E9rie Ekran \u00E9tait con\u00E7u pour fournir une cha\u00EEne de t\u00E9l\u00E9vision et deux cha\u00EEne de radio aux syst\u00E8mes de t\u00E9l\u00E9vision par c\u00E2ble de toute l'URSS et aux postes de radio individuels du nord de la Sib\u00E9rie. La liaison descendante d\u2019Ekran se situe dans la plage UHF. Les premiers satellites Ekran utilisaient des positions orbitales comprises entre 48 degr\u00E9s E et 95 degr\u00E9s E, mais les Ekran plus r\u00E9cents, dont l'actuel Ekran 20, ont \u00E9t\u00E9 positionn\u00E9s \u00E0 99 degr\u00E9s E. Ces satellites stabilis\u00E9s 3 axes transportent un transpondeur de unique de 24 MHz, 200 W, alimentant une antenne \u00E0 gain de 28 dB \u00E9mettant sur une polarisation circulaire droite pour produire des PIRE en Sib\u00E9rie dans la gamme de 50 \u00E0 55 dBW \u00E0 714 MHz. La liaison de connexion correspondante utilise la polarisation circulaire gauche \u00E0 6200 MHz. Par cons\u00E9quent, presque tous les r\u00E9sidents peuvent recevoir le signal TV chez eux \u00E0 partir du transpondeur d'Ekran en utilisant une simple antenne Yagi. Il existait \u00E9galement diff\u00E9rents types de r\u00E9cepteurs satellites collectifs ou individuels, tels que Ekran KR-10, Ekran-KR-01 et Ekran. La derni\u00E8re version du r\u00E9cepteur repr\u00E9sente un simple d\u00E9codeur TV individuel. Une version modifi\u00E9e d'Ekran s'appelait Ekran-M. Les satellites Ekran ont \u00E9t\u00E9 remplac\u00E9s par des engins g\u00E9ostationnaires am\u00E9lior\u00E9s tels que Gorisont, Gals et Express. Le 23 juin 1978, Ekran-2 a explos\u00E9 \u00E0 cause d'une d\u00E9charge catastrophique de sa batterie, contribuant \u00E0 l'augmentation du nombre de d\u00E9bris spatiaux sur l'orbite g\u00E9ostationnaire."@fr . . . . . "Ekran byl syst\u00E9m satelitn\u00ED televize vyvinut\u00FD a provozovan\u00FD v Sov\u011Btsk\u00E9m svazu. Jeho c\u00EDlem bylo distribuovat televizn\u00ED sign\u00E1l ze studia v Moskv\u011B do odlehl\u00FDch oblast\u00ED, zejm\u00E9na Sibi\u0159e, za pomoci geostacion\u00E1rn\u00ED dru\u017Eice. Prvn\u00ED dru\u017Eice byla zprovozn\u011Bna roku 1976 na pozici 99\u00B0 v\u00FDchodn\u00ED d\u00E9lky a jej\u00ED \u017Eivotnost byla stanovena na jeden rok. Umo\u017E\u0148ovala p\u0159enos jednoho televizn\u00EDho a dvou rozhlasov\u00FDch sign\u00E1l\u016F. Do roku 2001 bylo vyneseno p\u0159ibli\u017En\u011B 30 dru\u017Eic, pozd\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED dru\u017Eice byly pojmenov\u00E1ny Ekran-M, m\u011Bly del\u0161\u00ED \u017Eivotnost a mohly p\u0159en\u00E1\u0161et v\u00EDce TV program\u016F."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ekran (\u042D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D, russ. f\u00FCr Bildschirm) war ein Typ sowjetischer geostation\u00E4rer Satelliten, die f\u00FCr ein nationales Satellitenfernsehsystem entwickelt wurden. Dieses war das weltweit erste Satellitenfernsehen f\u00FCr Privathaushalte."@de . "Ekran"@en . . . "November 2017"@en . . . . . . "\u042D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043D \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u043F\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . . "Ekran byl syst\u00E9m satelitn\u00ED televize vyvinut\u00FD a provozovan\u00FD v Sov\u011Btsk\u00E9m svazu. Jeho c\u00EDlem bylo distribuovat televizn\u00ED sign\u00E1l ze studia v Moskv\u011B do odlehl\u00FDch oblast\u00ED, zejm\u00E9na Sibi\u0159e, za pomoci geostacion\u00E1rn\u00ED dru\u017Eice. Prvn\u00ED dru\u017Eice byla zprovozn\u011Bna roku 1976 na pozici 99\u00B0 v\u00FDchodn\u00ED d\u00E9lky a jej\u00ED \u017Eivotnost byla stanovena na jeden rok. Umo\u017E\u0148ovala p\u0159enos jednoho televizn\u00EDho a dvou rozhlasov\u00FDch sign\u00E1l\u016F. Do roku 2001 bylo vyneseno p\u0159ibli\u017En\u011B 30 dru\u017Eic, pozd\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED dru\u017Eice byly pojmenov\u00E1ny Ekran-M, m\u011Bly del\u0161\u00ED \u017Eivotnost a mohly p\u0159en\u00E1\u0161et v\u00EDce TV program\u016F. P\u0159enos sign\u00E1lu z pozemn\u00EDho st\u0159ediska k dru\u017Eici prob\u00EDhal na kmito\u010Dtu 6000 MHz, p\u0159enos z dru\u017Eice k pozemn\u00EDm p\u0159ij\u00EDma\u010D\u016Fm pak v p\u00E1smu UHF na kmito\u010Dtu 714 MHz, \u0161\u00ED\u0159ka p\u00E1sma p\u0159en\u00E1\u0161en\u00E9ho sign\u00E1lu byla 24 Mhz (702 a\u017E 726 MHz). Pou\u017E\u00EDvala se frekven\u010Dn\u00ED modulace a . Vys\u00EDla\u010D na dru\u017Eici m\u011Bl v\u00FDkon 200 W. K p\u0159\u00EDjmu sign\u00E1lu se pou\u017E\u00EDvala Yagi ant\u00E9na. Sign\u00E1l z dru\u017Eice bylo mo\u017En\u00E9 p\u0159ij\u00EDmat individu\u00E1ln\u011B (v\u011Bt\u0161inou pomoc\u00ED \u010Dty\u0159 vz\u00E1jemn\u011B souf\u00E1zov\u011B propojen\u00FDch ant\u00E9n), ale v hust\u011Bji obydlen\u00FDch oblastech byly zbudov\u00E1ny p\u0159evad\u011B\u010De, kter\u00E9 p\u0159ijat\u00FD sign\u00E1l \u0161\u00ED\u0159ily jako b\u011B\u017En\u00E9 pozemn\u00ED \u010D\u00ED kabelov\u00E9 TV vys\u00EDl\u00E1n\u00ED. Dru\u017Eice pokr\u00FDvala sign\u00E1lem p\u0159ibli\u017En\u011B 40% \u00FAzem\u00ED SSSR. Prim\u00E1rn\u00ED oblast pokryt\u00ED sahala a\u017E za m\u011Bsta Vorkuta, Novosibirsk, \u010Cita a nejv\u00FDchodn\u011Bji a\u017E k 150\u00B0 v\u00FDchodn\u00ED d\u00E9lky. Sekund\u00E1rn\u00ED oblast sahala za Moskvu na z\u00E1pad\u011B a za Sachalin na v\u00FDchod\u011B."@cs . "\u042D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043D \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u043F\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . "Ekran (Russian: \"\u042D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D\", meaning \"Screen\") was a Soviet-Russian type of geostationary satellite, developed for a national system of Direct-To-Home television. The first satellite of Ekran series was launched on 26 October 1976. Each satellite in the Ekran series was designed to provide one TV and two radio program channels to cable TV systems throughout the USSR and to individual home receivers in northern Siberia. Ekran's downlink is in the Ultra high frequency (UHF) range."@en . . "Ekran (satelliet)"@nl . "Ekran (Russian: \"\u042D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D\", meaning \"Screen\") was a Soviet-Russian type of geostationary satellite, developed for a national system of Direct-To-Home television. The first satellite of Ekran series was launched on 26 October 1976. Each satellite in the Ekran series was designed to provide one TV and two radio program channels to cable TV systems throughout the USSR and to individual home receivers in northern Siberia. Ekran's downlink is in the Ultra high frequency (UHF) range. Early Ekran satellites used orbital positions in the range from 48\u00B0 East to 95\u00B0 East, but recent Ekran, including the current Ekran 20, have been stationed at 99\u00B0 East. These 3-axis stabilized satellites carry a single 24 MHz, 200 watts transponder, feeding a 28 dB gain antenna transmitting on right-hand circular polarization to produce in Siberia in the range 50 to 55 dBW at 714 MHz. The corresponding feeder link uses left-hand circular polarization at 6200 MHz. Therefore, almost every householder could receive the TV signal at home from Ekran's transponder using a simple Yagi\u2013Uda antenna. There were also various kinds of collective or individual satellite receivers, such as Ekran-KR10 and Ekran-KR01. Latest version of receiver represents a simple individual TV set-top box itself. A modified version of Ekran was called Ekran-M. Ekran satellites have been replaced by improved geostationary craft for DBS, such as Gorizont, Gals, and Ekspress. On 23 June 1978, the Ekran-2 spacecraft exploded due to a catastrophic discharge of its battery, contributing to the increase in space debris on the Geostationary orbit. On 1 February 2009, the last satellite from the Ekran series, Ekran-M at 99\u00B0 East, stopped transmitting."@en . . . "3796"^^ . "Ekran"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ekran (sat\u00E9lite)"@pt . . "InternetArchiveBot"@en . . "\u042D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D (\u043A\u043E\u0441\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043F\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442)"@ru . . . "Ekran (\u042D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D em russo, significa tela), tamb\u00E9m conhecida como Stationar-T e pelo c\u00F3digo de artigo 11F647, foi uma fam\u00EDlia de sat\u00E9lites de comunica\u00E7\u00F5es geoestacion\u00E1rios sovi\u00E9ticos. Os sat\u00E9lites Ekran formaram o primeiro sistema de sat\u00E9lites geoestacion\u00E1rios sovi\u00E9ticos e iniciaram o primeiro servi\u00E7o em todo o mundo de emiss\u00E3o de televis\u00E3o por sat\u00E9lite direto para o lar, proporcionando sinal de televis\u00E3o a cores a Sib\u00E9ria e no norte distante. Ao todo foram lan\u00E7ados 21 sat\u00E9lites da fam\u00EDlia Ekran entre 1976 e 1988, todos com foguetes Proton a partir do Cosm\u00F3dromo de Baikonur, com quatro fracassos. Os desenhos preliminares contemplavam o uso de energia nuclear para alimentar os sat\u00E9lites e um foguete de eleva\u00E7\u00E3o da \u00F3rbita alimentado por hidrazina e , mas o projeto foi indeferido para 1973 pela complexidade t\u00E9cnica e os riscos associados. O desenho final, que usava o \u00F4nibus , alimentado atrav\u00E9s de energia solar fotovoltaica e usava um foguete de eleva\u00E7\u00E3o at\u00E9 a \u00F3rbita geoestacion\u00E1ria, o Block DM, alimentado por oxig\u00EAnio l\u00EDquido e querosene. Estabilizava-se nos tr\u00EAs eixos com uma precis\u00E3o de 0,25 graus gra\u00E7as a alguns pequenos motores de corre\u00E7\u00E3o. O sistema de regula\u00E7\u00E3o t\u00E9rmica usava um mecanismo ativo de mudan\u00E7a de fase de l\u00EDquido para g\u00E1s e os pain\u00E9is solares mediam 25 m\u00B2 e proporcionavam uma pot\u00EAncia de 1280 watts. Ap\u00F3s os primeiros lan\u00E7amentos, o sistema foi declarado operacional em 1980."@pt . . . "Ekran (\u042D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D em russo, significa tela), tamb\u00E9m conhecida como Stationar-T e pelo c\u00F3digo de artigo 11F647, foi uma fam\u00EDlia de sat\u00E9lites de comunica\u00E7\u00F5es geoestacion\u00E1rios sovi\u00E9ticos. Os sat\u00E9lites Ekran formaram o primeiro sistema de sat\u00E9lites geoestacion\u00E1rios sovi\u00E9ticos e iniciaram o primeiro servi\u00E7o em todo o mundo de emiss\u00E3o de televis\u00E3o por sat\u00E9lite direto para o lar, proporcionando sinal de televis\u00E3o a cores a Sib\u00E9ria e no norte distante. Ao todo foram lan\u00E7ados 21 sat\u00E9lites da fam\u00EDlia Ekran entre 1976 e 1988, todos com foguetes Proton a partir do Cosm\u00F3dromo de Baikonur, com quatro fracassos."@pt . "Ekran (en russe : \u042D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D, \u00AB \u00E9cran \u00BB) est une famille de satellites de t\u00E9l\u00E9communications sovi\u00E9tiques puis russes plac\u00E9s en orbite g\u00E9ostationnaire, con\u00E7us pour un syst\u00E8me national de t\u00E9l\u00E9vision par satellite. Le premier satellite de la s\u00E9rie Ekran a \u00E9t\u00E9 lanc\u00E9 en 1976. Chaque satellite de la s\u00E9rie Ekran \u00E9tait con\u00E7u pour fournir une cha\u00EEne de t\u00E9l\u00E9vision et deux cha\u00EEne de radio aux syst\u00E8mes de t\u00E9l\u00E9vision par c\u00E2ble de toute l'URSS et aux postes de radio individuels du nord de la Sib\u00E9rie. La liaison descendante d\u2019Ekran se situe dans la plage UHF."@fr . . "Ekran (\u042D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D, russ. f\u00FCr Bildschirm) war ein Typ sowjetischer geostation\u00E4rer Satelliten, die f\u00FCr ein nationales Satellitenfernsehsystem entwickelt wurden. Dieses war das weltweit erste Satellitenfernsehen f\u00FCr Privathaushalte."@de . "1108559017"^^ . . . . . . . . "2959462"^^ . . . "Ekran (satellite)"@fr . . . "yes"@en . . "Ekran (Russisch: \u042D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D, \"Beeldscherm\") was een Russische tv-omroepsatelliet uit de vorige eeuw. Deze satellieten werden gelanceerd tussen 1976 en 2001. Ze werden gebruikt voor doorgifte van tv-beelden uit Moskou naar het dunbevolkte platteland."@nl . . "Ekran"@cs . . . "Ekran (Russisch: \u042D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D, \"Beeldscherm\") was een Russische tv-omroepsatelliet uit de vorige eeuw. Deze satellieten werden gelanceerd tussen 1976 en 2001. Ze werden gebruikt voor doorgifte van tv-beelden uit Moskou naar het dunbevolkte platteland."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .