. . . . . . "Buddhist religious architecture developed in the Indian subcontinent. Three types of structures are associated with the religious architecture of early Buddhism: monasteries (viharas), places to venerate relics (stupas), and shrines or prayer halls (chaityas, also called chaitya grihas), which later came to be called temples in some places. The initial function of a stupa was the veneration and safe-guarding of the relics of Gautama Buddha. The earliest archaeologically known example of a stupa is the relic stupa located in Vaishali, Bihar in India."@en . "\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0637 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062F\u064A\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627) \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062A\u0643\u0631\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062B\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0627) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u062D\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u062A\u064F\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u0634\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0627 \u063A\u0631\u064A\u0647\u0627\u0633)\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0633\u0645\u064A\u062A \u0641\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062F. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064A\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0647\u064A \u062A\u0628\u062C\u064A\u0644 \u0648\u062D\u0645\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0622\u062B\u0627\u0631 \u063A\u0648\u062A\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0630\u0627. \u0623\u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0645\u062B\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0634\u064A \u0647\u0648 (\u0645\u062F\u0647\u064A\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062F\u064A\u0634). \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629\u060C \u062F\u064F\u0645\u062C\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u062A\u062F\u0631\u064A\u062C\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0627 \u063A\u0631\u064A\u0647\u0627\u0633 (\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629). \u062C\u064F\u0645\u0639\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0647\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u062C\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627 (\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0627). \u064A\u064F\u0639\u062F \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062F \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062F\u0647\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0648\u062F\u0647 \u063A\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060C \u0645\u062B\u0627\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064B\u0627 \u0622\u062E\u0631. \u062A\u064F\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u063A\u0648\u062F\u0627 \u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064B\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . . . "\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0630\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u4ECF\u6559\u5EFA\u7BC9"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Buddhist architecture"@en . . . . . "Buddhist religious architecture developed in the Indian subcontinent. Three types of structures are associated with the religious architecture of early Buddhism: monasteries (viharas), places to venerate relics (stupas), and shrines or prayer halls (chaityas, also called chaitya grihas), which later came to be called temples in some places. The initial function of a stupa was the veneration and safe-guarding of the relics of Gautama Buddha. The earliest archaeologically known example of a stupa is the relic stupa located in Vaishali, Bihar in India. In accordance with changes in religious practice, stupas were gradually incorporated into chaitya-grihas (prayer halls). These are exemplified by the complexes of the Ajanta Caves and the Ellora Caves (Maharashtra). The Mahabodhi Temple at Bodh Gaya in Bihar is another well-known example. The pagoda is an evolution of the Indian stupas."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "16422"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u4ECF\u6559\u5EFA\u7BC9\uFF08\u3076\u3063\u304D\u3087\u3046\u3051\u3093\u3061\u304F\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u4ECF\u6559\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u5EFA\u7BC9\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\u3002\u4E3B\u306A\u3082\u306E\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5BFA\u9662\uFF08\u5BFA\u9662\u5EFA\u7BC9\uFF09\u3068\u4ECF\u5854\uFF08\u30D1\u30B4\u30C0\u30FB\u30B9\u30C8\u30A5\u30FC\u30D1\uFF09\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5BFA\u9662\u3068\u306F\u3001\u5185\u90E8\u306B\u4ECF\u50CF\u3092\u5B89\u7F6E\u3057\u3001\u50E7\u5C3C\u304C\u793C\u62DD\u30FB\u4FEE\u884C\u30FB\u5100\u5F0F\u306A\u3069\u3092\u884C\u3046\u5EFA\u7269\uFF08\u5EFA\u7BC9\u7269\uFF09\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u4ECF\u5854\uFF08\u4ECF\u6559\u7684\u306A\u5854\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u4ECF\u820E\u5229\u3092\u5B89\u7F6E\u3057\u305F\u4ECF\u6559\u5EFA\u7BC9\u3092\u3044\u3046\u3002"@ja . . . . "2093418"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1122747234"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0637 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064A\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062F\u064A\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627) \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062A\u0643\u0631\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062B\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0627) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u062D\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u062A\u064F\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u0634\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0627 \u063A\u0631\u064A\u0647\u0627\u0633)\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0633\u0645\u064A\u062A \u0641\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062F. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064A\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0647\u064A \u062A\u0628\u062C\u064A\u0644 \u0648\u062D\u0645\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0622\u062B\u0627\u0631 \u063A\u0648\u062A\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0630\u0627. \u0623\u0642\u062F\u0645 \u0645\u062B\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0634\u064A \u0647\u0648 (\u0645\u062F\u0647\u064A\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062F\u064A\u0634). \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629\u060C \u062F\u064F\u0645\u062C\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u062A\u062F\u0631\u064A\u062C\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0627 \u063A\u0631\u064A\u0647\u0627\u0633 (\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629). \u062C\u064F\u0645\u0639\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0647\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u062C\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627 (\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0627). \u064A\u064F\u0639\u062F \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062F \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062F\u0647\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0648\u062F\u0647 \u063A\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060C \u0645\u062B\u0627\u0644\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064B\u0627 \u0622\u062E\u0631."@ar . . . . . . . "\u4ECF\u6559\u5EFA\u7BC9\uFF08\u3076\u3063\u304D\u3087\u3046\u3051\u3093\u3061\u304F\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u4ECF\u6559\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u5EFA\u7BC9\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\u3002\u4E3B\u306A\u3082\u306E\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5BFA\u9662\uFF08\u5BFA\u9662\u5EFA\u7BC9\uFF09\u3068\u4ECF\u5854\uFF08\u30D1\u30B4\u30C0\u30FB\u30B9\u30C8\u30A5\u30FC\u30D1\uFF09\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5BFA\u9662\u3068\u306F\u3001\u5185\u90E8\u306B\u4ECF\u50CF\u3092\u5B89\u7F6E\u3057\u3001\u50E7\u5C3C\u304C\u793C\u62DD\u30FB\u4FEE\u884C\u30FB\u5100\u5F0F\u306A\u3069\u3092\u884C\u3046\u5EFA\u7269\uFF08\u5EFA\u7BC9\u7269\uFF09\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u4ECF\u5854\uFF08\u4ECF\u6559\u7684\u306A\u5854\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u4ECF\u820E\u5229\u3092\u5B89\u7F6E\u3057\u305F\u4ECF\u6559\u5EFA\u7BC9\u3092\u3044\u3046\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .