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感知副本 Efference copy Reafferenzprinzip
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Das Reafferenzprinzip ist ein Modell im Bereich der Bewegungskontrolle – der Bewegungen von Lebewesen. Es stellt ein Regelprinzip dar, das es dem Zentralen Nervensystem ermöglicht, erwartete Reize auszublenden. Aufgrund dieses Prinzips lässt sich zum Beispiel erklären, warum bei einer Augenbewegung die Umwelt als unbeweglich wahrgenommen wird, obwohl auf der Netzhaut die Bewegungen der Umwelt abgebildet werden. In physiology, an efference copy or efferent copy is an internal copy of an outflowing (efferent), movement-producing signal generated by an organism's motor system. It can be collated with the (reafferent) sensory input that results from the agent's movement, enabling a comparison of actual movement with desired movement, and a shielding of perception from particular self-induced effects on the sensory input to achieve perceptual stability. Together with internal models, efference copies can serve to enable the brain to predict the effects of an action. 感知副本(英語:efference copy 或 efferent copy)為一種由運動系統產生、感覺神經輸出訊號的內部副本。它可以與由代理運動產生的(反射的)感覺輸入進行整理,從而將真正的運動和被要求做出的運動進行比較,並屏蔽那些由自己誘發的感覺輸入,以穩定知覺。藉由內部模型和感知副本,大腦可以預測一個動作產生的效果。 另一個來源不同、但意義相同的用詞是感知回饋(corollary discharge)。 感知副本在運動的適配方面扮演重要的角色,如增強視線的穩定性。電魚也藉此感知自己或非自己產生的電場。感知副本是因自己而非他人的動作所觸發,這也是搔自己癢感覺不會如別人搔那麼強烈的原因。
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感知副本(英語:efference copy 或 efferent copy)為一種由運動系統產生、感覺神經輸出訊號的內部副本。它可以與由代理運動產生的(反射的)感覺輸入進行整理,從而將真正的運動和被要求做出的運動進行比較,並屏蔽那些由自己誘發的感覺輸入,以穩定知覺。藉由內部模型和感知副本,大腦可以預測一個動作產生的效果。 另一個來源不同、但意義相同的用詞是感知回饋(corollary discharge)。 感知副本在運動的適配方面扮演重要的角色,如增強視線的穩定性。電魚也藉此感知自己或非自己產生的電場。感知副本是因自己而非他人的動作所觸發,這也是搔自己癢感覺不會如別人搔那麼強烈的原因。 In physiology, an efference copy or efferent copy is an internal copy of an outflowing (efferent), movement-producing signal generated by an organism's motor system. It can be collated with the (reafferent) sensory input that results from the agent's movement, enabling a comparison of actual movement with desired movement, and a shielding of perception from particular self-induced effects on the sensory input to achieve perceptual stability. Together with internal models, efference copies can serve to enable the brain to predict the effects of an action. An equal term with a different history is corollary discharge. Efference copies are important in enabling motor adaptation such as to enhance gaze stability. They have a role in the perception of self and nonself electric fields in electric fish. They also underlie the phenomenon of tickling. Das Reafferenzprinzip ist ein Modell im Bereich der Bewegungskontrolle – der Bewegungen von Lebewesen. Es stellt ein Regelprinzip dar, das es dem Zentralen Nervensystem ermöglicht, erwartete Reize auszublenden. Aufgrund dieses Prinzips lässt sich zum Beispiel erklären, warum bei einer Augenbewegung die Umwelt als unbeweglich wahrgenommen wird, obwohl auf der Netzhaut die Bewegungen der Umwelt abgebildet werden. Das Reafferenzprinzip wurde etwa in der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts von Erich von Holst (gemeinsam mit Horst Mittelstaedt) entdeckt, benannt und beschrieben und in seinem gleichnamigen Aufsatz in der Zeitschrift Naturwissenschaften zuerst veröffentlicht.
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