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- The Red Ocher people were an indigenous people of North America. A series of archaeological sites located in the Upper Great Lakes, the Greater Illinois River Valley, and the Ohio River Valley in the American Midwest have been discovered to be a Red Ocher burial complex, dating from 1000 BC to 400 BC, the Terminal Archaic – Early Woodland period. Characterized as shallow burials located in sandy ridges along river valleys, covered in red ochre or hydrated iron oxide (FeH3O), they contain diagnostic artifacts that include caches of flint points, turkey-tails, and various forms of worked copper. Turkey-tails are large flint blades of a distinct type. It is believed that Red Ocher people spoke an ancestral form of the Algonquian languages. Red ochre has a long history of use in North America; as early as the Folsom tradition during the Paleo-Indian period, certain localities in New Mexico and Wyoming were being mined for the substance. The people today known as Red Ocher were first identified by the University of Chicago in 1937. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, the Red Ocher Culture was a topic of great interest among archaeologists who were trying to better define the burial culture through various methods of research. Since then intermittent archaeological works have been published dealing with specific sub-topics within the burial culture and supported by more reliable AMS carbon dates. Nevertheless, many important archaeological questions regarding the Red Ocher burial manifestation and cultural phenomenon are still without answers. (en)
- Культура красной охры (англ. Red Ocher culture, Red Ocher people) — аборигенная культура Северной Америки. Идентифицирована по серии археологических памятников в районе верхних Великих озёр, Большой долины реки Иллинойс и долины реки Огайо на среднем западе США. Здесь был обнаружен погребальный комплекс красной охры, датируемый периодом 1000—400 гг. до н. э., то есть последней стадией архаического и ранней стадией вудлендского периодов. Для культуры характерны неглубокие погребения на песчаных холмах в речных долинах, покрытые красной охрой — гидратом 3-валентного оксида железа (FeH3O). Погребения содержат диагностические артефакты — кремнёвые наконечники, «хвосты индеек» (кремнёвые лезвия своеобразной формы) и различные изделия из обработанной меди. Предполагается, что носители данной культуры говорили на языке-предке алгонкинских языков. Культуру впервые идентифицировали исследователи из Чикагского университета в 1937 году. Культура вызвала большой интерес у археологов в 1950—1960-х годах, ей посвящены многочисленные публикации в американской археологической прессе. (ru)
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- Layers of red ocher in burial mounds (en)
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- Moccasin Bluff-A site, Berrien County, Michigan, Killarney Bay Mound, Manitoulin, Oak Grove Site, Lake County, Indiana, Sny-Magill Mound 43, Clayton County, Iowa (en)
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- Great Lakes: Ontario, SW Michigan, W Ohio, Northern Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Ohio and Wisconsin. (en)
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- Morton Site, Fulton County, Illinois (en)
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- The Red Ocher people were an indigenous people of North America. A series of archaeological sites located in the Upper Great Lakes, the Greater Illinois River Valley, and the Ohio River Valley in the American Midwest have been discovered to be a Red Ocher burial complex, dating from 1000 BC to 400 BC, the Terminal Archaic – Early Woodland period. Characterized as shallow burials located in sandy ridges along river valleys, covered in red ochre or hydrated iron oxide (FeH3O), they contain diagnostic artifacts that include caches of flint points, turkey-tails, and various forms of worked copper. Turkey-tails are large flint blades of a distinct type. It is believed that Red Ocher people spoke an ancestral form of the Algonquian languages. (en)
- Культура красной охры (англ. Red Ocher culture, Red Ocher people) — аборигенная культура Северной Америки. Идентифицирована по серии археологических памятников в районе верхних Великих озёр, Большой долины реки Иллинойс и долины реки Огайо на среднем западе США. Здесь был обнаружен погребальный комплекс красной охры, датируемый периодом 1000—400 гг. до н. э., то есть последней стадией архаического и ранней стадией вудлендского периодов. (ru)
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- Red Ocher people (en)
- Культура красной охры (ru)
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