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- في إدارة البحث والتطوير وتطوير النظم ، فإن المنافسة المفتوحة أو التعاون المفتوح هو مصطلح حديث لوصف التعاون بين المنافسين في مجال المصدر المفتوح. تم صياغة المصطلح لأول مرة من قبل العلماء خوسيه تيكسيرا وتينجتينج لين لوصف كيف تتنافس الشركات مع منتجات مماثلة في نفس الأسواق (مثل أبل، سامسونج، جوجل، نوكيا) ، التي تتعاون مع بعضها البعض في تطوير -مصدر المشاريع (على سبيل المثال ، ويب كيت). بمعنى آخر فإن التنافس المفتوح يشيرإلى علاقة متناقضة بين فاعلين أو أكثر مشاركين في وقت واحد في تفاعلات تعاونية وتنافسية؛ (ar)
- In R&D management and systems development, open coopetition or open-coopetition is a neologism to describe cooperation among competitors in the open-source arena. The term was first coined by the scholars Jose Teixeira and Tingting Lin to describe how rival firms that, while competing with similar products in the same markets, cooperate which each other in the development of open-source projects (e.g., Apple, Samsung, Google, Nokia) in the co-development of Webkit). Open-coopetition is a compound-word term bridging coopetition and open-source. Coopetition refers to a paradoxical relationship between two or more actors simultaneously involved in cooperative and competitive interactions; and open-source both as a development method that emphasizes transparency and collaboration, and as a "private-collective" innovation model with features both from the private investment and collective action — firms contribute towards the creation of public goods while giving up associated intellectual property rights such patents, copyright, licenses, or trade secrets. By exploring coopetition in the particular context of open-source, Open-coopetition emphasizes transparency on the co-development of technological artifacts that become available to the public under an open-source license—allowing anyone to freely obtain, study, modify and redistribute them. Within open-coopetition, development transparency and sense of community are maximized; while the managerial control and IP enforcement are minimized. Open-coopetitive relationships are paradoxical as the core managerial concepts of property, contract and price play an outlier role. The openness characteristic of open-source projects also distinguishes open-coopetition from other forms of cooperative arrangements by its inclusiveness: Everybody can contribute. Users or other contributors do not need to hold a supplier contract or sign a legal intellectual property arrangement to contribute. Moreover, neither to be a member of a particular firm or affiliated with a particular joint venture or consortia to be able to contribute. In the words of Massimo Banzi, "You don't need anyone's permission to make something great". More recently open-coopetition is used to describe open-innovation among competitors more broadly with many cases out of the software industry. While some authors use open-coopetition to emphasize the production of open-source software among competitors, others use open-coopetition to emphasis open-innovation among competitors. (en)
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- في إدارة البحث والتطوير وتطوير النظم ، فإن المنافسة المفتوحة أو التعاون المفتوح هو مصطلح حديث لوصف التعاون بين المنافسين في مجال المصدر المفتوح. تم صياغة المصطلح لأول مرة من قبل العلماء خوسيه تيكسيرا وتينجتينج لين لوصف كيف تتنافس الشركات مع منتجات مماثلة في نفس الأسواق (مثل أبل، سامسونج، جوجل، نوكيا) ، التي تتعاون مع بعضها البعض في تطوير -مصدر المشاريع (على سبيل المثال ، ويب كيت). بمعنى آخر فإن التنافس المفتوح يشيرإلى علاقة متناقضة بين فاعلين أو أكثر مشاركين في وقت واحد في تفاعلات تعاونية وتنافسية؛ (ar)
- In R&D management and systems development, open coopetition or open-coopetition is a neologism to describe cooperation among competitors in the open-source arena. The term was first coined by the scholars Jose Teixeira and Tingting Lin to describe how rival firms that, while competing with similar products in the same markets, cooperate which each other in the development of open-source projects (e.g., Apple, Samsung, Google, Nokia) in the co-development of Webkit). (en)
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